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Charlemagne Charles Martel King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor

742-814
Born: Hesse, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
Died: Aix La Chapelle, Aachen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany (Prussia)

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Life Story
  • Birth

  • Marriage: 1st Of His Concubines

  • Marriage: Annulled In 771

  • Marriage

  • Marriage

  • Marriage

  • Marriage

  • Marriage: 3rd Concubine

  • Marriage: 4th Concubine

  • Marriage: 5th Concubine

  • Death

  • Story: Life

    <blockquote><p>CHARLEMAGNE, son of PEPIN III and Bertha De Leon</p><p>Charles the Great or Charles I (742?- 814), emperor of the West (800-814), Carolingian of the Franks 768-8147. Son of Pepin the Short. he consalidated his rule in his kingdom, Italy in support of the pope, and in 774 was crowned king of the Lombards. He took NE Spain from the Moors 778 and annexed Bavaria 788. After a long struggle 772-804 he subjugated and Christianized the Saxons. In 800 he restored Leo III to the Papacy and was crowned Emperor by him om Christmas Day, thus laying the basis for the Holy Roman Empire and finalinzing the split betweeb the Byzantine and Roman Empires. Charlemagne ruled through a highly efficient administrative system. He codified the law in his various dominions and his court at Aachen was the center for an intellectual and artistic renaissance. The end of his regin was troubled by the Morsemen. His son, Louis I, was named co-emperor in 813 and succeded on his father&#39;s death. Charlemagne&#39;s legend soon enhanced and distorted his actual achievements, and he became the central figure of medieval romance cycle. Charles teh great, King of France 767-814, Emperor of the West, 25 Dec 800-814; born in Aachen, Rhineland, Germany; died AAchen. romance cycle.</p><p>[1] Charlemagne Frankish Emperor, son of Pepin III, &quot;The Short&quot; and Bertha. Born 2 April 742, in Ingelheim. Died 28 Jan. 814, in Aux-La&#39;Chapelle.</p><p>Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor. Charles the Great [shar&#39;-luh-mayn] Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, Carolingian King of the Franks, came to rule over most of Europe and assumed [800] the title of Roman Emperor. He is sometimes reguarded as founder of the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne was probally born in 742 Aachen. In 768 he and his brother Carloman inherited the Grankish Kingdom (most of present day France and part of western Germany) from their father Pepin The Short. The entire kingdom passed to Charlemagne when Carloman died in 771. Conquests Charlemagne inherited great wealth and a strong military organization from his father and brother. He used these assets to double the teritory under Carolingian control. In 772 he opened his offensive aganist the Saxons, and for more than three decades he pursued a ruthless policy aimed at sunjuating them and converting yhem to Christianity. Almost every year Charlemagne attacked one or another region of Saxon territory. Mass executions 4,500 Saxons were executed on a single day in 782 and deportations were used to discourage the stubborn. The Saxons proved to be far more difficult emeny than any of the other peoples subjugated by Charlemagne. For example, the Lombards were conquered in a single campaign 773/4, after which Charlemagne assumbed the title of King of the Lombards. In 788 he absorbed the duchy of Bavaria, and soon thereafter he launched an offensive aganist the Avar Empire. The Avars succumbed within a decade, yeilding Charlemagne a vast hoard of gold and silver. After on disastrous campaign 778 aganist the Muslins in Spain, Charlemagne the southwestern front to his son Louis. The latter Emperor Louis I, with the help of local Christian rulers, conquered Barcelona in 801 and controlled much of Catalonia by 814. On Christmas Day 800, Charlemagne accepted the title of Emperor and was crowned by Pope Leo III. For several years he reguarded the imperial title of being of little value. Moreover, he intended to divide his lands and titles among his son, as was the Frankish custom. At his death on 28 Jan. 814, however only one son, Louis, survived; Louis therefore assumed control of the entire Frankish empire. Administration. The internal organization of Charlemagne&#39;s empire varied from region to region. In much of what is today France, and especially in the south, the old Roman civitates (fortified cities) served as the focus of most important aspects of political, military, relogious, and social organization. Both the count of the city, appointed by Charlemagne as his representative, and the bishop made their respective headquarters in the civitas. The count or his agent led the army and the walls of the civitates afforded protection for the inhabitants both of the city and the nearby countryside. In those parts of the empire that had not been part of the Roman world, Charlemagne made an effort to impose a similar system; newly conquered lands into pagi (districts), which were placed under the jurisdiction of counts who exercized the same kind of administrative powers of their counterparts to the west. Charlemagne also sought to establish these new pagi as dioceses; frontier areas, Charlemagne often established districts that were essentially mi;itary in their purpose and organization; these called marks or marches. Local customs were everywhere prepetuated by recognition of tradiyional laws. The laws, of each of the various peoples of the Carolingian empire, such as Salian Franks, Ripuardian Franks, Romans, Saxonx, Lombards, Bavarias, Thuringians, and Jews, were codified and/or modified if local codes already existed, they were reconized. This judicial antonomy enjoyed by the several peoplee of the empire indicated the diversity that not only existed but also flourished under Charlemagne. The emperor did, hoewever, legislate to provide a system by whcih these various people could interact with each other. The central administration of the empire, like the local administrations, was rudimentary. A palatine court followed Charlemagne on his numerous campaigns in the later years of his life, when he remained at Aachen; the court stayed there. Charlemagne also sent missi dominic, high ranking agnets of the central government, from the court to see taht his orders, often cast in the form of capitularoes (ordinances divided into capitula or charters), were enforced as part of his administrative efforts, Charlemagne sought to standardize weights, measures and coinage. He also made attempt to control and develope trade. To these ends he strongly encouraged the developement of Jewish communities. Cultural Development: Charlemagne&#39;s concern for administration and his interest in seeing thr church funded effectively led him to engourage a rudimentary educational system based in Monasteries. Thus a small group of clerical and lay adminstrators attained a useful level of Literacy. Charlemagne left the development and implementation of this system largely to Alcuin. The latter&#39;s work led to what scholars have called the Carolingian Renissance. At Charlemagne&#39;s court a group of scholars was gathered that included men from England, Spain, and Italy, as well as native Franks and probaly Jews.</p><p>EVALUATION Charlemagne has been credited with great political and humanitarian vision and a devout religious bent; as a result, some have been led to think of his military ventures as crusades. In fact, he was a gluttonous and superstitious illiterate, or semi-iliterate, who had a considerably capacity for brutality. His accomplishments wer due mostly to the energy with which he prused his military goals and the ruthlessness with which he treated any opponents. Nonetheless, his achievements were considerable, and the effect of his conquests was to spread Roman Christianity across central Europe. He married Hildegrade, daughter of Gerold I count of Vizgau and Emma, cir 771. Children: [1] Pepin King of Italy; [2] Louis I Frankish Emperor. Additional wives; Luitgard, Empress of the Holy Roman Empire; Galiena, of the Holy Roman Empire; Desiderata, Holy Roman Empire, also known as Empress Sibilla, m. 770. Luitgard Empress of the Holy Romad Empire b. abt. 774, Allemania, Germany; Desiderata (Sibilla/Bertha) Holy Roman Empire, b. abt. 755, of Lombardy, Italy; Galieu (concubine 7) Holy Roman Empire.</p><p>Was King of Franks 768-800; crowned 9 Oct 768, Crowned Emperor of Roman Empire on 25 Dec. 800 Emperor of the West 800-814; died/buried at Aix-la-Chapelle or Aachen; know as Charles the Great or Charlemagne &quot;Carolus Magnus&quot;. He sometimes known as Charles I, King of France. He may have been born in 742. Charles the Great, Charles I, married twice before Hildegard</p></blockquote><p><strong>Hildegarde of Swabia Emperess of The West&nbsp;[Parents]</strong> was born 758 in Aachen, Germany. She died Apr 30 783 in Thionville, France. Hildegarde married Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor about 771.</p><p>They had the following children: </p><blockquote>&nbsp;&nbsp;Mi<strong>Pepin King of Italy</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;Mii<strong>Carloman Pippin King of Italy</strong> was born Apr 773. He died Jul 8 810 in Frankfort on Main, Germany</blockquote>

  • Story: Roots History

    <li><em>ID:</em> I01769 </li><li><em>Name:</em> Charles the Great , King of Franks </li><li><em>Sex:</em> M </li><li><em>Birth:</em> 2 APR 742 in Aix La Chapelle, Austrasia </li><li><em>Birth:</em> 2 APR 742 </li><li><em>Death:</em> 28 JAN 813/14 in Prussia </li><li><em>Burial:</em> Notre Dame D&#39;Aix La Chapelle, , Austrasia </li><li><em>Note:</em> <blockquote>Charlemagne, in Latin Carolus Magnus (Charles the Great) (742-814), king of the Franks (768-814) and Emperor of the Romans (800-14), who led his Frankish armies to victory over numerous other peoples and established his rule in most of western and central Europe. He was the best-known and most influential king in Europe in the Middle Ages.<br>Early Years Charlemagne was born probably in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), on April 2, 742, the son of the Frankish king Pepin the Short and the grandson of Charles Martel. In 751 Pepin dethroned the last Merovingian king and assumed the royal title himself. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II in 754. Besides anointing Pepin, Pope Stephen anointed both Charlemagne and his younger brother Carloman.<br><br>Within the year Pepin invaded Italy to protect the pope against the Lombards, and in 756 he again had to rush to the pope&#39;s aid. From 760 on, Pepin&#39;s main military efforts went into the conquest of Aquitaine, the lands south of the Loire River. Charlemagne accompanied his father on most of these expeditions.<br><br>Campaigns When Pepin died in 768, the rule of his realms was to be shared between his two sons. Charlemagne sought an alliance with the Lombards by marrying (770) the daughter of their king, Desiderius (reigned 757-774). In 771 Carloman died suddenly. Charlemagne then seized his territories, but Carloman&#39;s heirs took refuge at the court of Desiderius. By that time Charlemagne had repudiated his wife, and Desiderius was no longer friendly. In 772, when Pope Adrian I appealed to Charlemagne for help against Desiderius, the Frankish king invaded Italy, deposed his erstwhile father-in-law (774), and himself assumed the royal title. He then journeyed to Rome and reaffirmed his father&#39;s promise to protect papal lands. As early as 772 Charlemagne had fought onslaughts of the heathen Saxons on his lands. Buoyed by his Italian success, he now (775) embarked on a campaign to conquer and Christianize them. That campaign had some initial success but was to drag on for 30 years, in which time he conducted many other campaigns as well. He fought in Spain in 778; on the return trip his rear guard, led by Roland, was ambushed, a story immortalized in The Song of Roland. In 788 he subjected the Bavarians to his rule, and between 791 and 796 Charlemagne&#39;s armies conquered the empire of the Avars (corresponding roughly to modern Hungary and Austria).<br><br>Coronation Having thus established Frankish rule over so many other peoples, Charlemagne had in fact built an empire and become an emperor. It remained only for him to add the title. On Christmas Day, in 800, Charlemagne knelt to pray in Saint Peter&#39;s Basilica in Rome. Pope Leo III then placed a crown upon his head, and the people assembled in the church acclaimed him the great, pacific emperor of the Romans.<br><br>Charlemagne&#39;s biographer, Einhard, reported that the king was surprised by this coronation and that had he known it was going to happen, he would not have gone into the church that day. This report has led to much speculation by historians. Charlemagne probably desired and expected to get the imperial title and he subsequently used it. In 813 he designated his sole surviving son, Louis, as his successor, and personally crowned him.<br><br>Administration Charlemagne established a more permanent royal capital than had any of his predecessors. His favorite residence from 794 on was at Aix-la-Chapelle. He had a church and a palace constructed there, based in part on architectural borrowings from Ravenna and Rome. At his court he gathered scholars from all over Europe, the most famous being the English cleric Alcuin of York, whom he placed in charge of the palace school.<br><br>Administration of the empire was entrusted to some 250 royal administrators called counts. Charlemagne issued hundreds of decrees, called capitularies, dealing with a broad range of topics from judicial and military matters to monasteries, education, and the management of royal estates.<br><br>The empire did not expand after 800; indeed, already in the 790s the seacoasts and river valleys experienced the first, dreaded visits of the Vikings. Charlemagne ordered a special watch against them in every harbor, but with little effect. He died before their full, destructive force was unleashed on the empire.<br><br>Evaluation Charlemagne is important not only for the number of his victories and the size of his empire, but for the special blend of tradition and innovation that he represented. On the one hand, he was a traditional Germanic warrior, who spent most of his adult life fighting. In the Saxon campaigns he imposed baptism by the sword, and he retaliated against rebels with merciless slaughter. On the other hand, he placed his immense power and prestige at the service of Christian doctrine, the monastic life, the teaching of Latin, the copying of books, and the rule of law. His life, held up as a model to most later kings, thus embodied the fusion of Germanic, Roman, and Christian cultures that became the basis of European civilization.<br><br>Contributed by: Lester K. Little Funk + Wagnall&#39;s Encyclopedia<br><br><br>German was the language spoken in his family. He had little formal education and was fond of swimming and hunting. When grown, he stood 8 feet tall &quot;after the measure of his own feet which were very long.&quot; He had fair complexion, ruddy face, auburn hair, fine open countenance, large sparkling eyes, high forehead, and a foot in width; an appearance that inspired love and respect. His loins were broad and his waist well proportioned, a giant in strength as well as in stature. He wore the Frank&#39;s style of clothing, a linen tunic, scarlet breeches, leather bands around his legs, vest made of otter skins, and a white or blue cape.<br><br>Charles had 19 children by 9 wives. He died 28 Jan 814 of pleurisy.</blockquote><br><br><br><br><em>Father:</em> Pepin III &quot;The Short&quot; Martel b: 714 in Austrasia <br><em>Mother:</em> Bertrada De Laon II b: ABT 720 in Laon, Austrasia<br><br><em>Marriage</em> 1 Regina (reginopycrha) b: ABT 770 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia Children <ol><li> Drogo Bishop of Metz b: ABT 792 </li><li> Hugo &quot;L&#39;Abbe&quot; , Bastard Holy Roman Empire b: ABT 794 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia </li><li> Adelinda b: ABT 796</li></ol><br><em>Marriage</em> 2 Hildegard of Vinzgau b: 758 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia <ul><li><em>Married:</em> 771</li></ul>Children <ol><li> Charles Emperor Of The Holy Roman Empire b: 772 </li><li> Pepin (Carloman) King Of Italy b: 12 APR 773 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia </li><li> Adbelahide Princess of the Holy Roman Empire b: 774 </li><li> Rotrude Princess Of The Holy Roman Empire b: AUG 774 </li><li> Bertha Princess Of The Holy Roman Empire b: 775 </li><li> Louis I &quot;The Pious&quot; Martel b: 16 APR 778 in Chasseneuil </li><li> Lothaire Prince Of Holy Roman Empire b: AUG 778 </li><li> Gisaele Princess Of Holy Roman Empire b: 781 </li><li> Hildegarde Princess Of Holy Roman Empire b: 782</li></ol></li>

  • Story: Charlemagne 's Cathedral

    <div> <div> Info Centre Charlemagne Stations Agenda News Contact Terms &amp; Conditions <br><br> </div> </div> Charlemagne&#39;s idea was to create a sacral centre of his empire in Aachen <div> <p>But this was not just to put his own personal faith on record. On the contrary, the introduction of a common Christian religion with a standardised liturgy was also one of his political power bases. St. Mary&#39;s Church, today&#39;s Cathedral, was intended as an expression of this power. It was built over the past years of the 8th century and combined Byzantine and Antique architectural styles. The impact of the new church on contemporaries was enormous. This was the first time since the days of antiquity that a domed structure of this size had been successfully accomplished north of the Alps.</p> In 814, Charlemagne was laid to rest here <p>The centuries that followed saw an increasing sacralisation of the emperor which reached its climax in the legendary opening of his tomb in 1000 and in his canonisation in 1165. Since 1215 Charlemagne&#39;s mortal remains have rested in a golden shrine now situated in the centre of the cancel. The golden alterpiece (ca. 1000), the pulpit (pre-1014) and the chandelier donated by Friedrich Barbarossa (ca.1165) all date from this era.</p> On this throne, from 936 onwards, the German kings were crowned <p>The central element of St. Mary&#39;s Church is an octagon surrounded by a sixteen-sided walkway. On a gallery stands a marble throne, presumed to have symbolised the Lordship of Christ. It was on this throne that, from 936 onwards, the German kings were crowned. The Carolingian core structure of the church survives to this day. The mighty westwork with its entrance hall and massive bronze portal also dates back to the times of Charlemagne.</p> Tradition has it that Charlemagne brought some of the most precious relics in all Christendom to Aachen <p>Their rediscovery in the 14th century inspired a tradition of pilgrimage that elevated Aachen to the same rank as Rome and Santiago de Compostela as a European destination for pilgrims. The relics are kept in another shrine in the cancel. Worship of the relics through pilgrimage began in 1349 and continues to this day. Like the coronations, the pilgrimages were an important economic and cultural factor for the medieval town.</p> <p>To cater for the huge celebrations of coronations and pilgrimages, a new cancel was inaugurated in 1414, on the 600th anniversary of Charlemagne&#39;s death. After the octagon, this is the Cathedral&#39;s second architectural masterpiece, for the greater part of its exterior fa&ccedil;ade consists of glass. The enormous weight of the vaulting seems to rest on slender pillars without any further means of support. In reality, the weight is borne by a complicated anchoring system.</p> In 1978, it became the first German monument to be declared by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site <p>In addition, since the 13th century a ring of lateral chapels has formed around the church. A cloister connects the church to the Cathedral monastery and today&#39;s Cathedral Treasury. The Cathedral was first elevated to the status of a bishop&#39;s seat for a while during Napoleonic times and then permanently in 1930. A planned visitors&#39; centre will provide information on the Cathedral.</p> <p>In the framework of the Route Charlemagne, the Cathedral, the Cathedral Treasury and the Cathedral Information will represent the theme &quot;Religion&quot;. They will complement the exhibitions on the city&#39;s history in the Town Hall and in the future Centre Charlemagne.</p> </div> <div style=": relative; margin-: 2.7em"> <div style="width: 5em; line-height: 5em; height: 5em; : relative; float: ; background-color: #e0d8c3; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; text-align: center"> </div> <div style="width: 5em; line-height: 5em; height: 5em; : relative; float: ; background-color: #e0d8c3; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; text-align: center"> </div> <div style="width: 5em; line-height: 5em; height: 5em; : relative; float: ; background-color: #e0d8c3; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; text-align: center"> </div> <div style="width: 5em; line-height: 5em; height: 5em; : relative; float: ; background-color: #e0d8c3; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; text-align: center"> </div> <div style="width: 5em; line-height: 5em; height: 5em; : relative; float: ; background-color: #e0d8c3; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; text-align: center"> </div> <div style="width: 5em; line-height: 5em; height: 5em; : relative; float: ; background-color: #e0d8c3; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; text-align: center"> </div> </div>

  • Story: Cathedral At Aachen

    <div> <div> <div style="padding-: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px"> </div> &nbsp; <div style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms',arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; color: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 5px"> <div align="center">Discover religious and cultural destinations around the world. </div> </div> &nbsp; <div> Enter your search terms Submit search form </div> </div> <div><div style="padding: 0px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #666666; border: 1px solid #666666; z-index: 999; visibility: visible; : relative; width: 1038px">HOME&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RANDOM!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CATEGORIES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<div style="border: medium none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; display: block; color: #ffffff; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none">PLACES (A-E)</div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<div style="border: medium none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; display: block; color: #ffffff; 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background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; display: block; color: #ffffff; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none">REFERENCE</div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ABOUT </div></div> <div> <div>Germany</div>Sacred Sites Index<div style="padding-bottom: 3px; padding-: 3px; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cccccc">Country Guide:</div>Germany MapGermany BooksGermany HotelsGermany HostelsGermany ToursGermany Rail PassesGermany Photos<div style="padding-bottom: 3px; padding-: 3px; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cccccc">City Guides:</div>AachenAugsburgBerlinBonnCologneEisenachEislebenErfurtHildesheimLeipzigMunichMunsterOberammergauRegensburgTrierWittenbergWorms<div>Aachen</div>Introduction<div style="padding-bottom: 3px; padding-: 3px; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cccccc">City Guide:</div>Aachen MapAachen Hotels<div style="padding-bottom: 3px; padding-: 3px; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cccccc">Attractions:</div>Aachen Cathedral <div>Categories</div>CathedralsGothic ChurchesPersonally VisitedWorld Heritage Sites<div>Reference</div>Church GlossaryMedieval Timeline <div>Related Books</div><br>Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque<br><br><br>Word and Image: Art of the Early Middle Ages, 600-1050<br><br><br>Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, 800-1200<br><br><br>Lonely Planet Western Europe<br><br><br>Insight Guide Germany<br><br><br>Rick Steves&#39; Germany 2010<br><br><br>Frommer&#39;s Germany 2010<br><br><br>Lonely Planet Central Europe<br><br><br>A Traveller&#39;s History of Germany<br><br><br>DK Eyewitness Travel Guide to Germany<br><br><br>Christian Travelers Guide to Germany<br><br><br>Lonely Planet Germany<br><br><br>Rough Guide to Germany 7<br><br></div> <div> <div>Germany / Aachen / Aachen Cathedral</div> Aachen Cathedral&nbsp;&nbsp; <div><div> <br> View of Aachen Cathedral from the north, with the Palatine in the center.<br> See more and larger photos in our <strong>Aachen Cathedral Photo Gallery</strong>.<br> <br> <br> Exterior of Aachen Cathedral, with the Palatine Chapel in the center.<br> <br> <br> Interior of the octagonal Palatine Chapel, built by Charlemagne.<br> <br> <br> Octagonal dome with mosaics (clouded with incense following a service).<br> <br><br> The Shrine of Mary (1238).<br> <br> <br> Charlemagne, Leo III and Turpin on the Shrine of Charlemagne (1215).<br> <br> <br> Barbarossa&#39;s Chandelier (1165-84).<br> <br> <br> Detail of Barbarossa&#39;s chandelier, with towers of the New Jerusalem.<br> <br> <br> The Pala d&#39;Oro (c.1000 AD).<br> <br> <br> Detail of Christ on the Pala d&#39;Oro.<br> <br> <br> A spectacular wall of glass in the Gothic choir (1414).<br> <br> <br> The Throne of Charlemagne.<br> <br> <br> The robe of Mary displayed in June 2007. <em>Image &copy; Aachen Cathedral.</em> <br><br> <div style="width: 350px; height: 265px; : relative; background-color: #e5e3df"><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; height: 100%"><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 0; cursor: url(''http://maps.gstatic.com/intl/en_all/mapfiles/openhand_8_8.cur'')"><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; display: none"><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 0"></div><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 1"></div></div><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px"><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 0"></div><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 1"></div></div><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 102"></div><div style=": absolute; : 0px; : 0px; z-index: 104; cursor: default"></div></div></div><div style="-moz-user-select: none; z-index: 0; : absolute; : 2px; bottom: 2px"></div><div style="-moz-user-select: none; z-index: 0; : absolute; right: 3px; bottom: 2px; color: white; font-family: arial,sans-serif; 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background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center; width: 5em; right: 0em; cursor: pointer"><div style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(52, 86, 132) rgb(108, 157, 223) rgb(108, 157, 223) rgb(52, 86, 132)">Hybrid</div></div></div></div> Location map and aerial view of Aachen Cathedral. For a larger interactive view, see our Aachen Map.</div></div> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br><br> <p> <strong>Aachen Cathedral</strong>, also referred to as the <em>Kaiserdom</em> (&quot;Imperial Cathedral&quot;) of Aachen, is a building of great historical, architectural and religious importance. Built by Charlemagne in 805 AD, its unique design was highly influential on German church architecture and it was a site of imperial coronations and pilgrimage for many centuries. </p> <p>Aachen Cathedral remains one of the oldest churches in Germany and contains a wealth of treasures from the early medieval period, including Charlemagne&#39;s Throne (c.800), a golden altarpiece (c.1000), a golden pulpit (c.1020), the golden shrine of Charlemagne (1215), and the shrine of the Virgin Mary (1238). The last contains an impressive collection of relics and still attracts pilgrims. Still more treasures are on display in the magnificent Cathedral Treasury.</p> History<p><strong>Charlemagne</strong> (<em>Karl der Grosse</em> in German), the first Holy Roman Emperor, began building his Palatine Chapel (palace chapel) in <strong>786 AD</strong>. The Palatine Chapel has been described as a &quot;masterpiece of Carolingian architecture&quot; and was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. It is all that remains today of Charlemagne&#39;s extensive palace complex in Aachen.</p> <p> The Palatine Chapel was designed by Odo of Metz. He based it on the Byzantine church of San Vitale (completed 547 AD) in Ravenna, Italy. This accounts for the very eastern feel to the chapel, with its octagonal shape, striped arches, marble floor, golden mosaics, and ambulatory. It was consecrated in <strong>805</strong> to serve as the imperial church. </p> <p>Charlemagne collected a variety of <strong>relics</strong> during his lifetime, which are still kept in the Aachen Cathedral. The four most important are impressive indeed: </p> <ul><li>the cloak of the Blessed Virgin;</li><li>the swaddling-clothes of the Infant Jesus;</li><li>the loin-cloth worn by Christ on the Cross; and </li><li>the cloth on which lay the head of St. John the Baptist after his beheading. </li></ul> <p> In the Middle Ages, these relics attracted swarms of <strong>pilgrims</strong> from Germany, Austria, Hungary, England, Sweden, and other countries. In the mid-14th century, it became customary to show the four &quot;Great Relics&quot; only once every seven years, a custom which continues today (the next will be in 2007). </p> <p> When Charlemagne died in 814, he was buried in the chapel&#39;s choir. In 1000 AD, Emperor <strong>Otto III</strong> had Charlemagne&#39;s vault opened. It is said the body was found in a remarkable state of preservation, seated on a marble throne, dressed in imperial robes, with his crown on his head, the Gospels lying open in his lap, and his scepter in his hand. A large mural representing Otto and his nobles gazing on the dead Emperor was painted on the wall of the great room in the Town Hall. </p> <p> In 1165, Emperor <strong>Frederick Barbarossa</strong> again opened the vault and placed the remains in a sculptured sarcophagus made of Parian marble, said to have been the one in which Augustus Caesar was buried. At Barbarossa&#39;s request, Charlemagne was canonized that same year.</p> <p> In 1168, Barbarossa provided a bronze <strong>chandelier </strong>to hang over the shrine, which still remains today. In 1215, Frederick II had Charlemagne&#39;s bones put in a splendid <strong>golden shrine</strong>, which was originally placed beneath the chandelier in the middle of the Octagon. (Charlemagne received another honor 10 years later, when an entire window was devoted to him in Chartres Cathedral.)</p> <p>Charlemagne&#39;s remains were again disturbed around <strong>1349</strong>, when a revival of interest in relics, and especially those of Charlemagne, led to the creation of two separate reliquaries to display some of the bones. Charles IV commissioned the Reliquary of Charlemagne (with his thigh bone) and the Bust of Charlemagne (with his skull), which can both be seen in the Treasury. </p> <p>Also in the Treasury is the Arm Reliquary, which displays the ulna and radius bones of Charlemagne&#39;s right arm. This was commissioned by King Louis XI of France in <strong>1481</strong>. Since 1474, Charlemagne has been venerated as the progenitor of the French kings.</p> <p> In the meantime, the Palantine Chapel&#39;s choir hall was reconstructed in the Gothic style. The new <em>Capella vitrea</em> (Glass Chapel) was consecrated in <strong>1414</strong>, on the 600th anniversary of Charlemagne&#39;s death. The emperor&#39;s shrine was moved to the east end of the choir, where it remains today.</p> <p> Also in the 15th century, several smaller chapels and a vestibule were added to the Palatine Chapel to manage the increasing crowds of pilgrims, and the resulting enlarged building is what we know as <strong>Aachen Cathedral</strong>. </p> <p> Thankfully Aachen Cathedral suffered very little damage in the World Wars. In 1978 it was one of the first 12 sites to make the entry into the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. It was the first German site and one of the first three European sites to be admitted. Two decades of restoration work on the dome was completed in 2006.</p> What to See Exterior <p>The <strong>Westwork</strong> is of Carolingian origin, with the staircases and intervening niche surviving intact from this period. The porch dates almost entirely from the 17th century and the upper part of the west tower was added in 1879-84. Some Carolingian masonry survives in the lower part of the tower.</p> <p>The west portal features great bronze doors known as the &quot;<strong>Wolf&#39;s Doors</strong>,&quot; which were cast around 800 AD for the original Palatine Chapel. They were based on ancient models and weigh four tons. The modern entrance is through a smaller, more humble doorway to their right.</p> <p>Displayed in the entrance hall are two bronze sculptures: the <strong>she-wolf</strong>, dating from the 2nd century AD and brought to Aachen in Charlemagne&#39;s time; and a large <strong>pinecone</strong> dating from 1000 AD, which may have decorated a fountain.</p> The Palatine Chapel and Its Treasures <p>The <strong>Palatine Chapel</strong> is one of the most important surviving examples of Carolingian architecture anywhere. It is also known as the <strong>Octagon</strong> for its distinctive octagonal central area. </p> <p>The columns and bronze gates of the gallery are originals from the Carolingian era, but none of the original decoration survives. The fine <strong>marble floor</strong> is in a Cosmati style but dates from 1913.</p> <p>Hanging from the vault in the center of the Palatine Chapel is <strong>Barbarossa&#39;s Chandelier</strong>, a huge (4.2-meter diameter) bronze circlet commissioned by Frederick Barbarossa to celebrate Charlemagne&#39;s canonization. It was created in 1165-84 in Aachen and is inscribed with a dedication to Mary from Barbarossa and his wife Beatrix. On special holy days the candles are lit, which must be quite a spectacular sight.</p> <p>The chandelier&#39;s design represents the Heavenly Jerusalem as envisioned in Revelation, yet it has only eight towers (plus eight archways with smaller towers) instead of the twelve described in Revelation. Fortunately, the dedicatory inscription explains this - the deviation from the biblical description was intentional, so that the chandelier would fit perfectly into the eight-sided imperial chapel for which it was designed.</p> <p>The vault of the Octagon is adorned with <strong>golden mosaics</strong> executed by Salviati of Venice in 1882, which show Christ surrounded by the 24 Ancients of the Apocalypse. The Octagon is crowned by a <strong>cupola</strong> that rises to about 31 meters (102 feet) above the pavement. For centuries it was the highest vaulted interior in northern Europe. </p> <p>Standing to the right of the altar in the Octagon is the 14th-century statue of <strong>Our Lady of Aachen</strong>, holding a rather mischievous-looking Christ Child. She represents the patron saint of the cathedral and has been said to work miracles. Since the 17th century it has been customary to give her dresses and jewellery.</p> <p>In the upper gallery, visitors can view the <strong>marble throne</strong> on which 32 Holy Roman Emperors were coronated between 936 and 1531. The throne dates to Carolingian times and was likely used by Charlemagne himself, though not for his coronation, which took place in Rome. The throne is very simple, consisting of four ancient marble slabs held together by bronze clamps. Its six marble steps, partly carved from an ancient column, allude to Solomon&#39;s throne.</p> <p>The fine <strong>columns</strong> of the gallery are purely decorative, not bearing any weight of the arches. Charlemagne had 32 of them shipped from the ancient buildings of Rome and Ravenna. Most of them were looted in the French Revolution but 22 have since been returned and restored to their place in the gallery. The <strong>bronze grilles</strong> between the pillars were cast in Aachen in the time of Charlemagne. They have elaborate patterns that indicate Roman, Celtic and Frankish influences, and are matched in pairs across from each other.</p> The Gothic Choir and Its Treasures <p>Beyond the altar is the Gothic choir or <em>Capella vitrea</em> (<strong>Glass Chapel</strong>) of 1414, a spectacular sight. The walls are filled with 13 colorful windows that rise 100 feet high. The original windows were badly damaged by fires and finished off by the bombing raids of World War II; the present glass dates from the 1950s.</p> <p>The main altar, which faces the Octagon, is decorated with a magnificent golden frontal known as the <strong>Pala d&#39;Oro</strong>. It dates from about 1000 AD and was a gift of either Otto III or Heinrich II. The golden panels are held together with a wooden frame and may be out of their original order. </p> <p>The Pala d&#39;Oro centers on a beardless Christ enthroned inside a mandorla (almond-shaped nimbus), who gives a blessing and holds a cross with one hand and holds a book in the other. He is flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary and St. Michael and four small medallions depicting the symbols of the Four Evangelists. The ten other panels depict scenes from the Passion, starting with the Triumphal Entry at top left and ending with the Empty Tomb on the bottom right.</p> <p>Nearby, on the right side of the choir, is another glimmering treasure: the magnificent <strong>Golden Pulpit</strong>. It dates from about 1020 and was commissioned by Emperor Heinrich II. It is covered in gold and studded with jewels and precious objects, including ancient glass bowls! The dishes are not the only unusual decorations: there are also six sensuous pagan ivory reliefs from Egypt, dating from the 6th century AD.</p> <p>There are <strong>two golden shrines</strong> elevated inside glass boxes in the Gothic choir. The one closest to the Octagon is the Shrine fo the Virgin Mary or Marian Shrine (1238); the one in the back is the Shrine of Charlemagne (1215).</p> <p>The <strong>Shrine of the Virgin Mary</strong> was completed in 1238 and contains the Four Great Relics of Aachen listed above. The end gables have figures of Christ and Pope Leo III; the gables on the long sides depict the Madonna and Child (front side) and Charlemagne. The Twelve Apostles populate the rest of the long sides. The panels on the &quot;roof&quot; depict scenes from the life of Mary in low relief.</p> <p>The <strong>Shrine of Charlemagne</strong> was made in Aachen in 1215 and still houses the emperor&#39;s remains (except for the bits kept in reliquaries in the Treasury). On the front gable Charlemagne is shown enthroned between Pope Leo III and Archbishop Turpin of Reims, a member of the imperial court. Above them Jesus emerges from a roundel to bless the emperor.</p> <p>The long sides of the shrine depict 16 rulers who were in power between Charlemagne and Friedrich II and the other gable has the Virgin Mary flanked by the archangels Gabriel and Michael. Above them are the personified virtues of Faith, Charity and Hope. The &quot;roof&quot; reliefs depict scenes from Charlemagne&#39;s life, especially his struggle against the Moors. One shows him presenting his Palatine Chapel to the Virgin Mary.</p> <p>Another imperial tomb is also here - the <strong>grave of Emperor Otto III</strong> (d.1002) is under the floor in the center of the choir. It is marked with a simple inscribed slab. Hanging from the vault above is a large, double-sided <strong>sculpture</strong> made in 1524 by Jan van Steffesweert of Maastricht. It depicts the Madonna and Child attended by cherubs inside a radiant corona.</p> <p>On the pillars between the stained glass windows stand <strong>14 statues</strong> completed by 1420: the Virgin Mary, the Twelve Apostles, and Charlemagne. The vault above has <strong>roof bosses</strong> carved with figures, including the Resurrected Christ directly over Charlemagne&#39;s shrine. <strong>Murals</strong> (1880-1913) of biblical scenes and saints line the walls of the choir. </p> Quick Facts <div style="font-size: 11px"> <strong>Site Information</strong> Names: Aachen Cathedral; Pfalzkapelle; Kaiserdom; Aachener Dom; Palatine Chapel; Palace Chapel; Collegiate Church; Octagon Location:Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyFaith:ChristianityDenomination:Catholic Category: Cathedrals; World Heritage Sites Architecture: Carolingian, Gothic Date:786-805; choir added 1414Patron(s):CharlemagneFeatures:Relics; Romanesque SculptureStatus:activePhoto gallery:Aachen Cathedral Photo Gallery (for viewing)Stock photos:Aachen Cathedral Stock Photos (for licensing) <strong>Visitor Information</strong> Address:Klosterplatz 2, 52062 Aachen, GermanyCoordinates: 50.774612&deg; N, 6.084114&deg; E &nbsp;&nbsp;(view on Google Maps) Lodging:View hotels near this locationPhone:0241 47 70 90Website:www.aachendom.deE-mail:info@aachendom.deOpening hours:Apr-Oct: 7am-7pm <br> Nov-Mar: 7am-6pmCost:Free (&euro;2 fee for photography)Services:Mon-Fri: 7am, 10am<br> Sat: 7am, 8am, 10am<br> Sun: 7am, 8am, 10am (with choir); 11:30amFacilities:Toilets on the courtyard by the west entrance (on your left as you face the cathedral); &euro;0.30; or in the Treasury <br> <div style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px"><em>Note: This information was accurate when published and we do our best to keep it updated, but details such as opening hours can change without notice. To avoid disappointment, please check with the site directly before making a special trip.</em> </div> </div> Travel Resources <ul><li>Aachen Map - our detailed interactive map of Aachen, plus hand-picked links to more</li><li>Aachen Hotels - check availability, maps, photos and reviews, and book at the guaranteed lowest price</li><li>Aachen Restaurant Reviews - the best places to eat in town</li></ul> Article Sources <p>Article written by Holly Hayes with reference to the following sources:</p><ol><li>&nbsp;<ol><li>Personal visits (December 2005 and January 8, 2008).</li><li>&quot;Cathedral of Aachen&quot; - handout accompanying guided tour</li><li>Alfred Carl, <em>Aachen and Its Cathedral </em>(2005) - available in Treasury gift shop</li><li>Aachener Dom - official website</li><li>Aachener Dom - German Wikipedia</li><li>Palatine Chapel - <em>Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica</em> </li><li>Aachen - <em>Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica</em></li><li>Aachen - <em>Catholic Encyclopedia</em></li></ol><ul><li>Aachen - TripAdvisor reviews </li><li>Aachen Cathedral - UNESCO World Heritage List </li><li>Richard E. Sullivan, <em>Aix-La-Chapelle in the Age of Charlemagne</em> (1975).</li><li>Charles Whiting, <em>Bloody Aachen</em> (UK edition, 2000). </li><li>Alessandro Barbero, <em>Charlemagne: Father of a Continent</em> (2004).</li><li>Holy Skepticism: Christian Relics Face a Modern Audience - Deutsche Welle, June 2, 2007 </li></ul></li> More Information<p><br>Last updated on July 30, 2010.</p><br><br><br><br></ol></div> <br> <div> <p>Sacred Destinations Home&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;About&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contact&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Images&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advertise&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blog&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Twitter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Privacy Policy<br> Stock photos of religious art and architecture available for licensing: Sacred Destinations Images <br> Except where indicated otherwise, all content and images &copy; 2005-10 Sacred Destinations.&nbsp;All rights reserved. <br><br> Sacred Destinations is an online travel guide to <strong>sacred sites</strong>, pilgrimages, holy places, religious history, sacred places, historical religious sites, archaeological sites, <br> religious festivals, sacred sites, spiritual retreats, religious travel and spiritual journeys. <br> Free content for your Google homepage or website! Get the Sacred Destinations Daily Photo Gadget <br> <br> Travel resources: Spiritual Tour Directory, Sightseeing Tours, Hotels, Travel Insurance, Timeshare Resales<br> Popular categories: Ancient Mysteries, Biblical Sites, Cathedrals, Catholic Shrines, Footsteps of Jesus, Luther Sites<br> Popular sacred sites: Easter Island, Lourdes, Notre-Dame Cathedral, Oberammergau Passion Play, Shroud of Turin 2010, Sistine Chapel, St. Mark&#39;s Basilica, St. Peter&#39;s Basilica, Stonehenge<br> Popular city guides: Rome, Ravenna, Ephesus, Assisi, Paris, Jerusalem<br> Popular maps: England Map, Italy Map, Jerusalem Map, London Map, Paris Map, Rome Map </p> </div> </div> &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.assoc-amazon.com/s/noscript?tag=sacreddestina-20&quot;&gt;

  • Story: Legacy Sword Joyeuse

    <br> <div> <span> &nbsp;About&nbsp;&nbsp;Links&nbsp;&nbsp;Search&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Contribute</strong>&nbsp;<br> </span> <br> <span> &nbsp;Features&nbsp;&nbsp;Reviews&nbsp;&nbsp;Collections&nbsp;&nbsp;Albums&nbsp;&nbsp;Forums&nbsp;&nbsp;Books&nbsp;<br><br> </span> </div> &nbsp;<br> <div> <div> <span> Favorites Register Log in </span> </div> </div> <br> <div><span> <span>The Sword of Charlemagne</span><br> An article by Bj&ouml;rn Hellqvist<br><br> One of the most well-known swords in the world is the traditional coronation sword of France, once attributed to the great Emperor Charlemagne. It is kept in the Louvre Museum, the famous museum of art in Paris, France. To this day, it is unclear whether the sword is Charlemagne&#39;s sword &quot;Joyeuse&quot; or if it is of a later date. It is shrouded in mystery, but before moving on to the sword itself, I&#39;ll try to sketch an outline on who Charlemagne was and why a sword attributed to him is so special.<br><br> <span>Charlemagne&mdash;The Legendary Emperor</span><br> <br> <span>Charlemagne<br><br></span> Charlemagne&mdash;or Charles the Great&mdash;is one of the most important figures in European history. He was king of the Franks, a people living in what is known as France today. He was born in 742 AD, the son of the Frankish king Pepin the Short. He inherited the crown together with his brother Carloman in 768, but when Carloman passed away in 771, Charles became the sole ruler. One of the things he inherited was the obligation to protect the temporal rights of the Holy See. He was soon embroiled in wars with Lombard enemies of the Pope and with the pagan Saxons in Germany. His successes in defeating the Lombards and Saxons made the Pope declare Charles the first champion of the Catholic Church in 774. The next 20 years were full of warfare against Saxons, Lombard insurgents and the Moors of Spain. In the latter conflict, there was a Frankish campaign against the Moors in 778, where the legendary battle in the Pass of Roncevalles took place. In this battle, Charles&#39; paladin Roland fell, breaking his sword &quot;Durandal&quot; and entered legend in the &quot;Song of Roland&quot;. The following year, Charles attacked the Saxons again, ending in the baptism of the Saxon leader in 785. After that, Charles&#39; life was relatively quiet, interrupted only by the odd revolt and Viking raid. His defense of the Pope and Western Christendom was recognized in 800 AD, when the Pope crowned him Emperor of the Western Empire. Apart from his military prowess, he was also a superb emperor, bringing order to a tumultuous time and setting an example for future kings. Agriculture, trade and law flourished. He died in 814, a few months before his 72nd birthday. The empire soon split into several kingdoms, but the work of Charles the Great had left an indelible legacy.<br><br> <span>A Most Enigmatic Sword</span><br> <br> <span>The Authentic<br>&quot;Sword of Charlemagne&quot;<br><br></span> Today, there are two swords attributed to Charlemagne. One, a saber, is kept in the Weltliche Schatzkammer (Imperial Treasury) in Vienna, Austria, while the sword covered in this article is kept in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France (catalog number MS 84). The sword was originally kept in the monastery in Saint-Denis, where the other regalia and the Oriflamme, the battle standard of France, were kept. The monks (and other people) believed that the regalia had belonged to Charles the Great, but modern research has arrived at a later date for all pieces, though others dispute this. The decorative elements, proportions and purported age don&#39;t really correspond. The Sword of Charlemagne has no known counterpart and presents antiquarians with a problem: when was it made?<br><br> There are two main schools. One thinks that the sword is basically that which was carried by Charlemagne. Their main argument is that the ornamentation of the hilt, which is not typical of later swords, indicates an early date of manufacture. The other school thinks that the proportions are that of a later weapon and that it is unlikely that the original sword has survived for 1200 years. The antiquarian Sir Martin Conway believed the sword to be made up of parts, some of them from around 800 AD, while Sir Guy Laking put the age at a much later date, the early 13th century. One French antiquarian, a M. Dieulafoy, saw similarities between Sassanidian decorative styles and the decoration of the pommel, thinking that a western craftsman imitated the style for some obscure reason. As the style in question would be of the mid-7th century, it would explain the unusual pommel and also provide evidence for the age of the sword. Laking, on his side, argued that the general proportions of the sword put it at a date of manufacture no earlier than 1150 AD, and that similar ornamental styles can be encountered in European art of that period. Laking speculates that the sword might have replaced the original &quot;Joyeuse&quot; in the 13th century, being made as a copy of the original, which might account for the seeming anachronisms. The late sword expert Ewart Oakeshott, on the other hand, tends to side with those who set an earlier date for the sword, arguing that the proportions aren&#39;t that unlikely for an earlier sword and that the decorative style is alien for the years around 1200 AD. Alterations made through the centuries have further clouded the issue. The Louvre Museum official Web site lists the following ages of the different parts: pommel 10th-11th centuries, cross second half of the 12th century and grip 13th century. There&#39;s no date for the blade.<br><br> The earliest known instance when the sword was used at the coronation of a French king was when Philip the Bold was crowned in 1270. The ceremony was usually held in Reims cathedral, with the regalia kept in the nearby monastery in Saint-Denis. The first mention of the sword being kept in the monastery was in an inventory made in 1505. The sword is listed together with three other swords, none of which survives to this day. They were (reportedly) the sword of Louis IX, carried on his first crusade, the sword of Charles VII and a sword associated with Archbishop Turpin. The sword was taken to the Louvre Museum on December 5, 1793.<br><br> <span>The Hilt</span><br> <br> <span>Del Tin 2120 Replica<br>&quot;Sword of Charlemagne&quot;<br></span> The heavily sculpted gold pommel is made in two halves, resembling a bulky Oakeshott type B, 2.1&quot; (53mm) high. The 4.2&quot; (107mm) long gold grip was decorated with fleurs-de-lis inside the diamond patterning, but those were removed for the coronation of Napoleon I in 1804. The gold cross is an Oakeshott style 1, 8.9&quot; wide (226mm), and in the shape of two winged dragons with lapis azuli beads for eyes. The cross was stamped in the 13th century with the weight of the gold in the hilt, the text reading as follows: <em>Deux marcs et demi et dix esterlins</em> (&quot;two marks and half and ten sterlings&quot;).<br><br> <span>The Blade</span><br> The blade is a rather slender Oakeshott type XII. It has a relatively wide, shallow fuller. The blade is 32.6&quot; (828mm) long and 1.77&quot; (45mm) wide at the base. There are differing views on the age of the blade, one school thinking it was forged when the sword got an overhaul in 1804, the other (and in my view probably correct) thinking it is medieval.<br><br> <span>The Scabbard</span><br> As with other coronation swords, there&#39;s a scabbard. It has been changed, and I doubt there&#39;s anything left of the original except for the precious stones on the scabbard throat and the belt. It is made of gilded silver, the 6&quot; (155mm) throat decorated along its length with gems, while the rest is covered with purple velvet and decorated with fleurs-de-lis embroidered with gold thread. The velvet and fleurs-de-lis were added in 1824 for the coronation of Charles X. The scabbard is 33&quot; (838mm) long and 2.75&quot; (70mm) wide at the throat. A piece of the belt is still in place, fitted with a gilded buckle in a decidedly medieval style.<br><br> <span>The Replicas</span><br> The Sword of Charlemagne is probably among the most reproduced of any historical sword. The majority are made just for decorative purposes, with stainless steel blades and weak hilts. The replicas from Marto are the best in the decorative category, considering the crisply cast hilt, but short on functionality. The etched coats-of-arms on the blade have no counterpart on the original. Denix makes a cheap, decent wallhanger, which comes with a scabbard which bears no resemblance to the original. The only functional quality reproduction of the sword is the Del Tin Armi Antiche 2120.<br><br> <span>Del Tin&#39;s &quot;Sword of Charlemagne&quot; (DT2120)</span><br> This is a good replica of the sword, even though the cast parts of the hilt aren&#39;t as crisp as the original&#39;s. The pommel is riveted in place, just like the medieval counterpart. It is rather heavy for a one-hander, but handles pretty well if you like swords with a punch. The Point of Balance is around 5.1&quot; (130mm) in front of the cross, but the weight makes it a second to swords like the Del Tin Armi Antiche 2130.<br> <br> <em>Measurements and Specifications:</em><br> <span>Weight:</span><span>3.59 pounds (1630g)</span> <span>Overall length:</span><span>38.54&quot; (980mm)</span> <span>Blade length:</span><span>32.48&quot; (825mm)</span> <span>Blade width:</span><span>2&quot; (51mm)</span> <span>Width of cross:</span><span>9.25&quot; (235mm)</span> <br> <div><br> &nbsp;Return to the index of features &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Talk about this article on the discussion forums </div> <br><br><br><br> <span> <strong>About the Author</strong><br> Bj&ouml;rn Hellqvist is a Swedish optometrist with an interest in historical European swords.<br><br> <strong>Author&#39;s Thanks</strong><br> I would like to thank David Counts for his help with Laking&#39;s text, as well as Ann Snow, Patrick Kelly and Fulvio Del Tin of Del Tin Armi Antiche for providing valuable information and comments during the writing of this article. Thanks to Paul Kilmartin for the proofreading.<br><br> <strong>Sources and Bibliography</strong><br> Conway, Sir W. Martin: <em>The Abbey of Saint-Denis and its Ancient Treasures</em>, Archaeologica, 1915<br> Cope, Anne (editor): <em>Swords and Hilt Weapons</em>, Multimedia Books, London 1989<br> Edge, David and Paddock, John M.: <em>Arms &amp; Armor of the Medieval Knight</em>, Bison Books, Greenwich 1988<br> Laking, Sir Guy Francis: <em>A Record of European Armour and Arms Through Seven Centuries</em>, G. Bell and Sons Ltd., London 1920<br> Oakeshott, Ewart: <em>The Sword in the Age of Chivalry</em>, Boydell &amp; Brewer, Woodbridge 1964, 1994<br><br> Another photo of the original sword can be seen at the Louvre Museum Web site.<br><br> <strong>Acknowledgements</strong><br> Photograph of the original sword provided by Alex Huangfu and Manoucher M.<br> Photographs of the replica sword provided by <em>Del Tin Armi Antiche</em><br> </span> </span></div> <div> &nbsp; </div> <div> <br><br><br><br> <span> <br> </span> </div> <br><br><br><br> <div><span> <br>All contents &copy; Copyright 2003-2010 myArmoury.com &mdash; All rights reserved<br><br> Open a printer-friendly version of this page<br><br> <span>You must be logged in to access all the features of myArmoury.com.</span><span>Your name:&nbsp;</span><span>I forgot my password<br>Register for an account</span><span>Password:&nbsp;</span><span> Log me on automatically each visit</span> <span>Why register? See our Membership Plans for details.</span> <br><br> <br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br> </span></div> &lt;img src=&quot;http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-84QgA-1g_OPiY.gif&quot; style=&quot;display: none;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; alt=&quot;Quantcast&quot;/&gt;

  • Story: Charlemagne

  • Story: Descendants

    <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial Black;">DESCENT FROM CHARLEMAGNE TO DAVID ROBERT WOOTEN </span></strong></span></p> <hr style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><img src="http://www.davidwooten.com/Charlemagne.jpg" alt="" width="133" height="216" align="right" border="0">1 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Charles </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">b. 2 Apr 742 d. 28 Jan 814 m. 770 Himiltrud </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. 770 (Desiderata) <br> m. Oct 783 Fastrada d. 10 Aug 794 <br> m. 786 Hildegard b. 758 d. 30 Apr 783 <br> m. 795 Liutgard d. 4 Jun 800 <br> m. Gerswinda <br> m. Regina <br> m. Adallind</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OR "CHARLESMAGNE""CARL DER GROSSE""CAROLUS MAGNUS (CHARLES THE GREAT)"; KING OF THE FRANKS 768; EMPEROR OF THE WEST 1/28/800-814 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Hildegard: OF SWABIA; DIED GIVING BIRTH TO HILDEGARDE<br></span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Gerswinda: </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">MISTRESS, NOT WIFE <br></span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Regina: </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">MISTRESS, NOT WIFE <br></span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Adallind: </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">MISTRESS, NOT WIFE </span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Carloman</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 773 d. 8 Jul 810 <br> NAME "PEPIN" BESTOWED UPON HIM AT BAPTISM (DESPITE EXISTENCE OF OTHER BROTHER) &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Bernard</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 797 d. 17 Apr 818 m. Cunnigunde d. 835 <br> KING OF ITALY &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">4 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Pepin</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 815/817 d. AFT 840 <br> COUNT OF SENLIS, PERONNE, AND ST. QUENTIN &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">5 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Heribert Vermandois</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 840 d. ABT 902 m. Richilde</span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. Bertha</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">OR "ROBERT"; COUNT OF VERMANDOIS, SEIGNEUR DE SENLIS, PERONNE, ST. QUENTIN; MURDERED </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Bertha: "OF MORVOIS" &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">6 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Herbert</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. <span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0 goog_qs-tidbit-hilite">880/890 d. 943 m. Liegarde </span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0 goog_qs-tidbit-hilite">m. Hildebrante</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0 goog_qs-tidbit-hilite">OR "ROBERT"; COUNT OF VERMANDOIS AND TROYES </span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0 goog_qs-tidbit-hilite">Hildebrante: OR "LIEGARDE""ROBERTIN""OF FRANCE"</span> &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">7 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Robert </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">b. 920 d. 967/968 m. Adelaide COUNT OF VERMANDOIS </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Adelaide: "OF BURGUNDY" OR CHALLONS &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">8 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Adela</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 950 d. AFT 12 MAR 975 m. Geoffrey d. 21 Jul 987 "DE CHALONS" </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Geoffrey: "GRISE GONELLE"; COUNT OF ANJOU &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">9 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Gerberge</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> m. William d. 6 Apr 1022 OR "REBECCA" </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">William: "TAILLEFER"; COUNT OF ANGOULEME &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">10 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Geoffrey</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 1048 m. Petronella "TAILLEFER"; COUNT OF ANGOULEME </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Petronella: "D'ARCHIES" &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">11 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Fulk</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 1087 m. Condolia "TAILLEFER"; COUNT OF ANGOULEME &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">12 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">William</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 6 Apr 1122 m. Vitapoi Benauges "TAILLEFER"; COUNT OF ANGOULEME &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">13 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Vulgrin</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 16 Nov 1140 m. Pontia Montgomery "TAILLEFER"; COUNT OF ANGOULEME </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Pontia: HEIRESS OF LA MARCHE &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">14 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">William</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 7 Aug 1179 m. Margaret "TAILLEFER"; COUNT OF ANGOULEME </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Margaret: "DE TURENNE" &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">15 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Aymer</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 16 Jun 1202 m. Alice Courtenay b. ABT 1160 d. ABT 14 SEP 1205 "DE VALENCE""TAILLEFER"; COUNT/EARL OF ANGOULEME/ENGOLESME </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Alice: OR "ADELAIDE" &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">16 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Isabella Taillefer</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 1188 d. 31 May 1246 m. 24 Aug 1200 John b. 24 Dec 1167 d. 28 Oct 1216 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. BEF 22 MAY 1220 Hugh Lusignan</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"OF ANGOULEME" </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">John: KNOWN AS "LACKLAND (SANS TERRA)" ACCEDED 5/27/1199 (CROWNED WESTMINSTER); RULED FROM 1199-1216; ALSO 15TH DUKE OF NORMANDY; EARL OF MORTAIGNE, CORNWALL, GLOCESTER, DEVON, NOTTINGHAM; LORD OF THE HONOUR OF LANCASTER; LORD OF IRELAND; SIGNED MAGNA CARTA 1215; DIED AFTER CONSUMING PEACHES AND BEER</span></span></li> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Hugh: EARL OF THE MARCHES OF ACQUITAINE &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">17 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Henry </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 1 Oct 1207 d. 16 Nov 1272 m. 14 Jan 1236 Eleanor b. 1222 d. 24 Jun 1291 ACCEDED 10/28/1216 (CROWNED GLOUCESTER); UNDER REGENCY UNTIL 1227; RULED FROM 1216-1272 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Eleanor: "OF PROVENCE" &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">18 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Edward </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 18 Jun 1239 d. 7 Jul 1307 m. 18 Oct 1254 Eleanor b. ABT 1244 d. 28 Nov 1290 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. 8 Sep 1299 Margaret Capet b. 1279 d. 14 Feb 1317</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;KNOWN AS "LONGSHANKS""HAMMERER OF THE SCOTS"; CREATED EARL OF CHESTER 2/14/1254; LORD OF GASCONY; ACCEDED 11/20/1272 (CROWNED WESTMINSTER); RULED FROM 1272-1307 LEADER OF THE 8TH CRUSADE (1270-1291) ALONG WITH LOUIS IX &amp; CHARLES OF ANJOU </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Eleanor: "OF CASTILE", ALSO LISTED AS "LEONOR" &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">19 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Elizabeth </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 1 Aug 1282 d. 5 May 1316 m. 8 Jan 1296/98 John b. 1281 d. 10 Nov 1299 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. 14 Nov 1302 Humphrey Bohun b. 1276 d. 16 Mar 1322</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OR "ISABEL"; DIED SHORTLY AFTER GIVING BIRTH TO ISABEL </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">John: 2ND EARL OF HOLLAND &amp; ZEELAND</span></span></li> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Humphrey: 4TH EARL OF HEREFORD AND ESSEX; LORD HIGH CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND; TOOK A LEADING PART AT THE GREAT TOURNAMENT AT FULHAM 1305, AND ANOTHER AT WALLINGFORD; ONE OF 21 ORDAINERS APPOINTED TO REFORM THE GOVERNMENT AND THE KING'S HOUSEHOLD (ONE PURPOSE BEING TO RID THE KING OF HIS FAVORITE, GAVESTON, WHO WAS EXILED BUT LATER RECALLED - THE EARL OF LANCASTER AND THE CONFEDERATE BARONS, HUMPHREY AMONG THEM, TOOK UP ARMS AGAINST GAVESTON AT SCARBOROUGH, WHO SURRENDERED 5/19/1311 AND WAS BEHEADED AT BLACKLOW HILL); CAPTURED AND LATER EXCHANGED FOR THE WIFE OF ROBERT THE BRUCE; IN 1322 HE ALIGNED HIMSELF WITH THE DUKE OF LANCASTER AGAINST EDWARD II, AND DURING THE BATTLE AT BOROUGHBRIDGE HE WAS SLAIN BY A WELSH PIKEMAN WHO HAD HID HIMSELF UNDER A BRIDGE; BEARER OF THE SWAN BADGE &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">20 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) William Bohun</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 1313 d. 16 Sep 1360 m. 1335/38 Elizabeth Badlesmere b. 1313 d. 8 Jun 1356 TWIN BROTHER OF EDWARD; CREATED EARL OF NORTHAMPTON 1337; LATER ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">21 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) Humphrey Bohun</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 25 Mar 1342 d. 16 Jan 1373 m. AFT 9 SEP 1359 Joan Fitz-Alan d. 7 Apr 1419 EARL OF HEREFORD, ESSEX AND NORTHAMPTON; CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND; LORD OF BRECKNOCK </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Joan:</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> BEARER OF THE SWAN BADGE &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">22 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Eleanor Bohun</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 1365 d. 3 Oct 1399 m. Thomas &nbsp;b. 7 Jan 1345 d. Nov 1397 ALSO SPELLED "ALIANORE"; BEARER OF THE SWAN BADGE </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Thomas: "OF WOODSTOCK"; DUKE OF GLOUCESTER; BEARER OF THE SWAN BADGE; KG; GUARDIAN OF THE KINGDOM; EARL OF BUCKINGHAM; INHERITED TITLES CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND AND EARL OF ESSEX FROM WIFE; MURDERED BY RIVAL CLAIMANT TO THE THRONE &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">23 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Anne </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 1380 d. 16 Oct 1438 m. Thomas Spofford d. 1392 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. Edmund Stafford d. 1403 m. 20 Nov 1405 (Sir) William Bourchier d. 28 May 1420</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">DOWAGER COUNTESS OF STAFFORD; COUNTESS OF BUCKINGHAM, HEREFORD AND NORTHAMPTON </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Thomas: 3RD EARL OF STAFFORD</span></span></li> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Edmund: 5TH EARL OF STAFFORD; KG; KILLED IN BATTLE</span></span></li> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) William: CREATED EARL/COUNT OF EU IN NORMANDY, BY HENRY V, 1419; CONSTABLE OF TOWER OF LONDON (FOR LIFE); PARDONED 1405 FOR MARRYING WITHOUT ROYAL LICENSE &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">24 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) John Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. 16 May 1474 m. (Dame) Margery Berners d. 18 Dec 1475 1ST BARON BERNERS (IN RIGHT OF HIS WIFE); CONSTABLE, WINDSOR CASTLE &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">25 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) Humphrey Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> m. Elizabeth Tylney d. 4 Apr 1497 LORD BERNERS </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Elizabeth: SOLE HEIRESS TO SIR FREDERICK TILNEY &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">26 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) John Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 1470 d. 19 Mar 1532/33 m. (Lady) Katherine Howard d. 12 Mar 1535/36 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. Elizabeth Bacon</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER, 1516-1527; M.P., 2ND (OR 3RD) BARON BERNERS; DEPUTY OF CALAIS; DIVORCED 1ST WIFE </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Elizabeth: MOST PROBABLY NOT A WIFE BUT A MISTRESS &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">27 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) James Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> m. Mary Bannester ILLEGITIMATE SON; MAN OF ARMS AT CALAIS; LATER LIEUTENANT OF HAMBLETON </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Mary: SOLE HEIR TO HER BROTHER JOHN &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">28 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) Ralph Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. d. ABT 1592 m. Elizabeth Hall </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. Christian Shakerley</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BUILDER OF THE ELIZABETHAN HOUSE AT BENINGBROUGH/BEVENBOROUGH </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Christian: 1ST HUSBAND DIES &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">29 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Sir) John Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> m. Elizabeth Wentworth d. AFT 1542 KNIGHTED 7/2/1609; EARL OF BATH; "OF HANGING GRIMSTON"; HAD 8 SONS, 1 DAUGHTER MARY &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">30 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(Lady) Mary Bourchier</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> m. 1616 Jabez Whitaker b. 1596 d. AFT 1628 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Jabez: CAME TO JAMESTOWN, VA, CA. 1619; MEMBER HOUSE OF BURGESSES 1623-1624; MEMBER VIRGINIA COUNCIL 1626-1628; CAPTAIN 1622; CHIEF LIEUTENANT FOR THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON; PREPORTED TO HAVE BUILT THE FIRST HOSPITAL ON AMERICAN SOIL &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">31 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">William Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 1617 d. 1672 m. Mary Elizabeth Camm </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BURGESS 1649-1656; COUNCIL 1659; LT. COL. 1655; NOT 100% CERTAIN ABOUT WIFE'S NAME &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">32 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Richard Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 1640/43 d. 1696/04 m. Elizabeth Pyland b. 1680 d. 1696 MILITARY OFFICER 1680, CAPTAIN 1862; SHERIFF 1696 &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">33 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">John Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 1694 d. 1748/50 m. 1718 Martha Gough &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">34 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Robert Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. ABT 1725 d. 1765 m. Sarah Burton &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">35 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">John Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 21 May 1745 d. 22 Nov 1823 m. ABT 1765 Elizabeth Hardy </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. 18 Apr 1786 Ferebee Pearson b. 30 Apr 1763</span></span> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. 30 Sep 1819 Elizabeth </span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;COL. AMERICAN REVOLUTION; NC ASSEMBLY FOR 42 YEARS; 1ST TREASURER WAKE CO, NC; BUILT ECHO MANOR PLANTATION/HOUSE IN WAKE CO, NC &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">36 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Thomas Gales Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 7 May 1802 d. 7 Aug 1877 m. 24 Aug 1821 Mary B. Tucker d. 25 Jan 1822 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. 1822 Sally Crowder b. 1802 &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">37 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Thomas Jefferson Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 6 Oct 1823 d. 10 Apr 1897 m. 26 Jan 1846 Ann B. Rollins d. 17 Nov 1849 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. Sara Eliza Koonce b. 1829 d. Apr 1899</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">COL. CIVIL WAR FROM WAKE COUNTY, NC &nbsp; </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">38 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Frederick Ann Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 17 Nov 1849 d. 2 Nov 1937 m. Caroline Winifred Stanly b. 11 Aug 1849 d. 16 Aug 1891 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">m. Oct 1892 Mary Elizabeth Becton b. 26 Sep 1848 d. 7 Aug 1931 &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">39 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Margaret Ann Whitaker</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 10 Mar 1887 d. 22 Apr 1926 m. 12 Jul 1912 Charles Sloan Broadhurst b. 22 Mar 1886 d. 9 Oct 1928 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Charles: ACCOUNTANT; COMMITTED SUICIDE &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">40 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Nancy Lee Broadhurst</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 22 Sep 1922 d. 17 Aug 1996 m. 7 Jul 1956 Edward Franklin Wooten b. 1 Jan 1922 FATHER DIED WHEN SHE WAS YOUNG, AND SHE WAS SUBSEQUENTLY SENT TO LIVE WITH HER UNCLE (ROMULUS EARL WHITAKER); ATTENDED DUKE UNIVERSITY, AND GRADUATED WITH A DEGREE IN PSYCHOLOGY; MOVED TO WINSTON-SALEM, NC, 1952 </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Edward: MOTHER DIED WHEN HE WAS YOUNG; ATTENDED ATLANTIC CHRISTIAN COLLEGE FOR 1 YEAR, THEN TRANSFERRED TO NORTH CAROLINA STATE COLLEGE (NCSU), WHERE HE GRADUATED WITH A DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING; MEMBER TAU BETA PI FRATERNITY; SERVED IN US NAVY AS LIEUTENANT DURING WWII, ASSIGNED TO DESTROYER TENDER USS PRAIRIE; EMPLOYED BY WESTERN ELECTRIC, ULTIMATELY AS SENIOR ENGINEER IN TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS; MOVED TO WINSTON-SALEM, NC, 1953 &nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">41 </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">David Robert Wooten</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> b. 9 Aug 1958 </span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <div style=": absolute;"> <div style="background-image: 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url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaabaaaaaqcayaaaaf8%2f9haaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaaz1jrefuenokk0tsg1uuhr97z8avoa87dpuodq21q0aglnogkclusbtalnhjoiofpzwqkfvkstsc3babswl5ie2oeaihjeseiigvlod4hzyqckveadoag1i7tr3bm%2fdezqtwedwzpuc%2f538mycemnpupsuxgj087%2f%2fep3eufzdnjitep33yxpybdhwrx1dozkk92lblfl%2bu4v0ehc54hzy7ms9qexg6%2fn7nf3mjxtuwit5ejd86t78ngwytsuqhs3iffz0njtoedisku%2fit%2fzpuxgraxgfdrd0ts5peau4%2fo5mnekkw2w79d5%2bfuhjmwhz985bn9iixuwjqdtey6uhjjncmxoay3qyhgxlzrnj4yailutse9%2bu5kh8clxppzft%2bzw1ob0b6s6ae7uj1fygvyc7s3r9cfbbugxy2qubtxry3xkn2t56ujzayvxmfhnzp9acujqz2yrolczlucodzm%2bp59mjmbmzz0k2tftu2evrym2vvcb%2b61ew%2fxznqytwbi5z%2bvmfnqpzss4%2bzmeu7%2f%2bdbeul%2bo5jdwxlqjqrfbb6ighyoevedc9oxkemrji9pmhhlvjm8ovhhzvkla8tzq1pjojg2zrdafoe8l1pnb5r0s2kejypc2b03%2bzvg0ixri7v4nyat902mgb0myx46vrnleemz5s0uwhttv2pjs8%2bucby0eexoyri2bkcjhlz53juoeartuqbvjqgk26myabn0ibmv76n%2ffyxdidou1un2f9vwqtjzsml58lls0smoinpj7fv6uzuesfecrohbzryn9jtsa5xtocle9ejsfv%2beel19e0wjf2hpymvnyjheonhnz%2fohcyxbxiqmqkvmjfginntslfsye51%2f%2bexcu2q30zcgnjcmqe6revylqavyvddpwimj0qiwlhzgqiouqmv1uvko1ukaogunoi1fw2cjlppka9ipy12dq9tbtn2teqlychogiqhmijedo9meqy%2bcjndcl2oyprjssewcymr3l4cegd5ytfz7hzx0uzyyaesrcxenus1aa%2bvmfjzdxmrnd1kzkxreinsjypkrp%2fksvli7z66vsyp461l7qprzdasmabs%2bp%2faqyayzb7ku1oz2maaaaasuvork5cyii%3d');">&nbsp;</div> <span>Best</span> <span>matches</span> <span>for</span> <span>"Hildebrante <span>Liegarde"</span> <span>OR</span> "Hildebrante * <span>Liegarde"</span> <span>OR</span> "Liegarde, <span>Hildebrante"</span></span></div> <div> <div><span>880/890</span> <span>d.</span> <span>943</span> <span>m.</span> <span>Liegarde.</span> <span>m.</span> <span>Hildebrante.</span> <span>OR</span> "ROBERT"; <span>COUNT</span> <span>OF</span> <span>VERMANDOIS</span> <span>AND</span> <span>TROYES.</span> <em><span>Hildebrante:</span> <span>OR</span> "LIEGARDE</em>""ROBERTIN""OF <span>FRANCE"...</span> <span><span>Jump</span> <span>to</span> <span>text</span> &raquo;</span></div> </div> <div> <div><span>More</span> <span>matches</span> <span>&raquo;</span></div> <div style="display: none;"><span>&laquo;</span> <span>Fewer</span> <span>matches</span></div> </div> <div style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaazaaaaa4cayaaadth677aaaabgdbtueaalgpc%2fxhbqaaaalwsflzaaaowaaadsabatajcqaaabl0rvh0u29mdhdhcmuaugfpbnqutkvuihyzljuuodc7gf0aabsgsurbvhja7r1da1vhsjopo4kl1vrtfcl4%2babqbuwaeghbsg5uahjfffnfqppn%2bih2d5rc29zql%2fbfx9a%2blv6qygstplm6m%2b7d7mfm7jxzzzn3xhjouefsx%2bzs7mzozo6e995l%2ffzxv48zwftbow5xa1motgsalj19fkpdevectwihxf02dswdhc5vaafx2l2krlr7n4evf5%2fdlyoxtc3uct10qf7gtleqpkrhoeg%2fuh7m3wvxgcafaiytsnoped6fvyvv38r%2f9zg%2fyhwmwsomu%2bemxe8azagcbdgfma%2fp5%2bg6kanin3tnpeeu6t%2bzkmsjqzocq%2b55cd8nxhi00sifupektvz8kom5%2benwzewpol3uptxgmqm9qdyqkwwxqwbfcmnj5snjgoo45pq1p12htmxkmec4hbj9dmx9jfuszgxiwbvwwpjfqk0f7wmsapwfwai4b3aeybnyljsrb6h5yunmc04zfnp7nyvdzxmqqwpvlu1pu6j9kvqxteuddzhlsotm4r3jtxqfudowy6fjz1pjkujzcg01efulvzmyqdkos%2fufixufxl655whoouw%2fc%2fcfokyfr9k%2fi0beosjjuauoowkzg5poazxgelz2ea6x4hoz4cranydr8oygbfh%2fi%2faf8y713dyl5y2lz9vdezd6n8sfs2vldyfary59it4cchgllkxbk8cpofwl7fppxtlfgrsv0ppa75wxpsuvlpfbquusppkmfypfldav1e8cfhamuw5kofynll9szdvarvq0syj7f1axzljwsmx1nyujt8l9abieafgiyaxakiubcp0y4c7affj%2fyeq73xohzi%2bbzt6hnsxyhd5t6ry%2fyrnc3lx9qbsxd5r6qe84%2fvffh1pwo9kgpnwcr5w2g8vzuf7s7k9pmyx9weffcd2qbgnhtldgslq%2fs%2fgtr%2bznzph9lom3ayymv4yy%2fynizjxop9easuokqecoy3bldjmydxqb4aralyb7aosadwb6aduq%2fifcdxeewydnj9z%2fmfdthfllnvn3frj4%2bpli99t2uhfipapiqkebtz05%2fknt4ddl%2fqfgkmlpaf9k6bfkw83l7xuntcgacxg9rw8japrxka1stmj1byzxkfyhjvc9hkzcnjj8x8h0epyazfw9lplxuacsou6wlsiwfwksd9qssxhwoymzjsa6ywqf5z2s%2fdhcp4hru4dp4f45xf%2f4am9fhj777%2bx9kh0onqbkclpgp0vhm8op0j6%2fxk75vdr77eh0fxwhel1y5cbok8nvgy4ufpc%2b1%2bpllj9x8axmlfai5zme73n8rhmtlled41foemjrgiovuti0qwcju5%2bhlh%2bcsv0ryvp1lp3g83qb4ymlgbmztkiw%2fjgnzsoimi5xsibpjzba%2fgpjv%2f%2fdxp%2fbg80da32archgqx9%2fcwgo3%2b%2b%2fs3n477wz%2bdxr34hoo7fssll9p3z7ztzb%2f%2fbexdgtrx8of9ure9t7z%2fo5upttgsllo1%2bqtx69fq%2fnficni49fnt92v03bvtmptd%2fqjy4d%2bog%2b60fqo%2byxpxzux%2b39xvhdf2%2fj8nnhvz9vecgzvvbgadlv%2fwdwsolchik4dykwf6krvtyguu5epp5bui1ddqxkc%2fgpz9f9wfa488e%2fly9iy3a7wc%2fb%2b8s4dmkhn79d8iy2xn0%2b9%2buy9fq9vqaoy35gtphyxw9ljf6hefe9z%2fth3%2ft47%2bxtvdl62fsjlzppuadcwvdgiuqiav%2bbgjnkbpfllsf1beawaqghw99svv7yt5chb968ofjrr79ab3%2f%2f%2fxflesr1jklntcozhkb%2b%2bza1ldue7xaeymsyrerk3abqoun98cwvxx%2f0xm28riwyjrpgbv1z87ji6rivqe7g8q1ldf0zp1hv61xv529%2f%2f64tsmhuodqzzylufcfev7up9wi1ta38y%2b2jqunavdkwajxkjljf%2f%2fejkjhnx9cddq91wjlqibo%2bajfld%2bfqrlmikxhjftzagft%2baridtjfjs3homwptfvnblim6lnau07bpvpiezl2mea5txtu0vbf5l8a9js64abzx4d4royumhhqi%2brbo4frg27ja6rhxkdvnzk4mxqpmbl1gbmomjspmsprr0yybrivccvnumt5va51nxmtoanqft1e3nevdmevbikfqx3uz1wqb0%2bwjcaymy%2byjiqjbyuk0wxwen4hujat7ncxmdeu%2by%2flkypudanmcuuau6oyp8ditkxcz7zruxtdb2q%2fijkgzz%2bopidhzg1jkjfcatkgp1ifbf91atq2knsmnmvha3zgw1hvh0qwhfcht3cdyh3xdoqykt7swydq%2bpi%2frfj%2fbcpwzdqukiluvbtulx30gtfcujq5v90x4mmnqlkuvym%2bmb9wn8hb3rf%2fd8w%2bnsthtwyalggw%2fjlvczs7f51w6sezlao9qdty2gdi0ok1cmpmjstnio9ru4ibjhrp%2fxo3iu6gtrumhjatdcgqtkau8mpegnp1imr3obxsixuy%2fzukzyw6xuvhmvzzf5ccfkl7ujotr5e0c31kcjqlbheu7eh7wdzicwyo2zpktfyklpgn7gurywnyfd80oa7vt3ctxvatghalbxxrf1rwjqwvkbeqcntzz96gc8vxy1gljkpcmm0dmultvyujsirvxdwm1gqfbyducmd2f0xhgcrgdeyghmk6hbljgd1wffyjjwmipkalmzrxt96n3yd9el1yrnnkpt9tjqprycrxwkavifqglbmjozwyeapki1gytqfxrgpxkkqlptwg37jsviubjxeaeyvgjbifybykforybazo3csturhe3ukfateemd%2bwllpkqi1rort5yokm%2b2ds%2ftep%2f6l7sliquutr9fvefl%2frlaz9t6mppm%2fudpuxon2ntlnznvfxtohl5int2fe%2fl2ilhbwmfugki6tuoxjdytyzwxlytc4tkgebz78eysoka53satfmkgpvtplg5hgfkgtqcrskzjnqysgwnvhixtiqonjfodjgckkoxhi4l%2bfkftjwcmuankomnvmbkxj%2bfjht8uxjcms44yzdhz9afhcze3owfefahvvh9r4hkzjals6lsrcnvfpzbwrhcqawssca0ls5vsfcsoli%2bvbmla4eywcgp49xsruplvtq3wrnzsxtze7ycj4q%2bduhlk9yklomt0xgfw1hke1wfip0e5jr%2bkaasxcbltubkzm1aa1ncubitr2uevzg7k1oofefevyqc8iqkkdnhvneihe5aliqtmllkunulqghtlroetv2kgril50auudep1lzjzcou142bjfdhus2q0o6hmjnmrltejc0d8jxbt5nbubmm6xbhkiusi7hexviqoeuvhnsdsu0pypu725uifokfvuxmnjsh0xr5cydceld3qflkjn%2bujbctwkpzifrglcxujtp%2fkoc5hmuppd05qcarfcudutqkkvixjyndc4kggbd2xijkh1j%2fotvbogvfa7qstppjy5vhtqykc2pk81phvs4ggt9rp7uw3fvyby0qzxwwpjgas6xsilvutc%2bz%2fxctc6n7qnqxxxklscupoheksqbai%2farfwaabheuenkmevqzpk%2fsvrtjiynljbrdkz3mcvd9lxo2pjmyn23khuw2qewhgks1jufuqolgmrm1fuivbo6slvluf5fw6g1tp36j774kh7amnsvxhuhwmeldldwvopjjqokbs4qjgdykw5hmk4kh1q20uwrtkhbrgabxkv%2bf5e4d8ypoekueiycos2cr9nfwsdehihvqjcquelstzoa0%2foh17gmrxlg0vtpxyovvui2o8txp8lxkca%2f2bldexudrqpqkk%2fnmsm%2bfwruvxebk1mcx%2bjw1vrmumcl1pthnasxhcfw1ebakmcxznalliirz0fzimxkwqfp3xmjmndx3tfcsii3yrcqfsbwccsvgnzblsz0sqxhmxwht2t%2fc9vyhr3eisw9tdf1yeispqruuu4q607xuf17vblqkpyvcqgpvwepcqigj8kuido6yrsma1oz1ud0j0hve0vidrpfqug1kn9wwuma0ynoai0c0l8qllbdxheufpigzano%2b%2fxitrbwkl12em5sx55qizbwxzilixusyuqnkmkfzwbfq5es6hfuy14mycz7hi9sd9fvtxc3dskshgdunm6uwx1vh3xd2mwwf0akwio%2fcwnv3c24k5lhwso7m4ahedvnbc6brubio6%2f6rnt2lxavvx3fk3fnci0dkbhmvykzdgq7qabqnzcmlawfo3jlucueajyfohg%2fdprqqdpixs0dw2ctadmqcqku5oyi1jlqfowb%2bgj5rimskdycdjc4g2erjjqhu4fktuetrombre0brrvij8jtwss7salb0gls66ldjkfxpfp5sfzx1ubokvwy%2fkowuwilfqiz2ou9vfh8fpdnxf3ik94r2o%2f%2fc3sio%2bp%2fws3vho91iac2q7djeyhcjtt5nofkytd0f3zkmcv0prk14etlbgqfwxviuaol%2bkdddb2jdwbni0hlc45ob4%2fg1tmkna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</div>

  • Story: Marriages And Children

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mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <span><span style="color: windowtext">Marriages and heirs</span></span> <p>Charlemagne had twenty children over the course of his life with eight of his ten known wives or concubines. Nonetheless, he only had four legitimate grandsons, the four sons of his third son, Louis. In addition, he had a grandson (<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Bernard of Italy</span>, the only son of his third son, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Pippin of Italy</span>), who was born illegitimate but included in the line of inheritance. So, despite twenty children, the claimants to his inheritance were few.</p> <ul><li style="line-height: normal">His first relationship was with <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Himiltrude</span>. The nature of this relationship is variously described as <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">concubinage</span>, a legal marriage, or a <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Friedelehe</span>.<sup><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">[37]</span></sup> (Charlemagne put her aside when he married Desiderata.) The union with Himiltrude produced two children: <ul><li style="line-height: normal">Amaudru, a daughter<sup><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">[38]</span></sup></li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Pippin the Hunchback</span> (ca. 769&ndash;811)</li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">After her, his first wife was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Desiderata</span>, daughter of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Desiderius</span>, king of the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Lombards</span>; married in 770, annulled in 771.</li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His second wife was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Hildegard</span> (757 or 758&ndash;783), married 771, died 783. By her he had nine children: <ul><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Charles the Younger</span> (ca. 772&ndash;4 December 811), Duke of Maine, and crowned <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">King of the Franks</span> on 25 December 800</li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Carloman, renamed Pippin</span> (April 777&ndash;8 July 810), <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">King of Italy</span></li><li style="line-height: normal">Adalhaid (774), who was born whilst her parents were on campaign in Italy. She was sent back to Francia, but died before reaching Lyons</li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Rotrude</span> (or Hruodrud) (775&ndash;6 June 810)</li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Louis</span> (778&ndash;20 June 840), twin of Lothair, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">King of Aquitaine</span> since 781, crowned <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Holy Roman Emperor</span> in 813, senior Emperor from 814</li><li style="line-height: normal">Lothair (778&ndash;6 February 779/780), twin of Louis, he died in infancy<sup><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">[39]</span></sup></li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Bertha</span> (779&ndash;826)</li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Gisela</span> (781&ndash;808)</li><li style="line-height: normal">Hildegarde (782&ndash;783)</li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His third wife was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Fastrada</span>, married 784, died 794. By her he had: <ul><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Theodrada</span> (b.784), <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">abbess</span> of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Argenteuil</span></li><li style="line-height: normal">Hiltrude (b.787)</li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His fourth wife was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Luitgard</span>, married 794, died childless.</li></ul> <span><span style="color: windowtext">Concubinages and illegitimate children</span></span> <ul><li style="line-height: normal">His first known concubine was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Gersuinda</span>. By her he had: <ul><li style="line-height: normal">Adaltrude (b.774)</li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His second known concubine was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Madelgard</span>. By her he had: <ul><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Ruodhaid</span> (775&ndash;810), <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">abbess</span> of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Faremoutiers</span></li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His third known concubine was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Amaltrud of Vienne</span>. By her he had: <ul><li style="line-height: normal">Alpaida (b.794)</li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His fourth known concubine was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Regina</span>. By her he had: <ul><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Drogo</span> (801&ndash;855), <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Bishop of Metz</span> from 823 and abbot of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Luxeuil Abbey</span></li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Hugh</span> (802&ndash;844), <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">archchancellor</span> of the Empire</li></ul></li><li style="line-height: normal"><br></li><li style="line-height: normal">His fifth known concubine was <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Ethelind</span>. By her he had: <ul><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Richbod</span> (805&ndash;844), <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Abbott of Saint-Riquier</span></li><li style="line-height: normal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none">Theodoric</span> (b. 807)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>&nbsp;</p>

 
 
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