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  • Story: Sources: Diego Lainez Senor De Vivar - Bivar (995 - 1058)

    <p>SOURCES: LDS FHL Ancestral File # (familysearch.org)<br>WEB:<br>&quot;Ancestors/Descendants of Royal Lines&quot; (Contributors: F. L. Jacquier (History of Charlemagne by Christian Settipani); L. Orlandini, ManuelAbranches de Soveral, Reynaud de Paysac, F.L. J P de Palmas (Aurejacet Tournemire; Frankish line; The Complete Peerage, Jacquier (Genealogy of Lewis Carroll, Justin Swanstrom, The Royal Families of England Scotland &amp; Wales by Burkes Peerage; Debrett&#39;s Peerage &amp; Baronage; Tableof descendants French Canadian Genealogical Society; Families of Monfort-sur-Risle &amp; Bertrand de Bricquebec; The Dukes of Normandy, XXXXI),A. Brabant (&quot;Dynastie Montmorency, Michel d&#39;Herbigny), Paul Leportier,Claude Barret, H.R. Moser (Burke Peerage), O.Guionneau, L.B. de Rouge, E. Polti, N. Danican (Britain&#39;s Royal Families; Buthlaw, Successionof Strathclyde, the Armorial 1961-62) A.Terlinden (Genealogy of theexisting British Peerage, 1842), L. Gustavsson, C. Cheneaux, E. Lodge,S.Bontron (Brian Tompsett), R. Dewkinandan, H. de la Villarmois, C. Donadello; Scevole de Livonniere, H. de la Villarmois, I. Flatmoen,P. Ract Madoux (History of Morhange; Leon Maujean; Annuaire de Lorraine, 1926; La Galissonniere: Elections d&#39;Arques et Rouen), Jean de Villoutreys (ref: Georges Poull), E. Wilkerson-Theaux (Laura Little), O. Auffray, A. Brabant (Genealogy of Chauvigny of Blot from &quot;Chanoine Prevost Archiviste du Diocese de Troyes Union Typographique Domois Cote-d&#39;Or 1925), Emmanuel Arminjon (E Levi-Provencal Histoire de l&#39;Espagne Andalouse), Y. Gazagnes-Gazanhe, R. Sekulovich and J.P. de Palmas (&quot;notes pierfit et iconographie Insecula&quot;, Tournemire), H de Riberolles (Base Tournemire), Franck Veillon; ,(Histoire G&eacute;n&eacute;alogique de la Maison de Hornes, Bruxelles 1848; Notice Historique Sur L&#39;Ancien Comt&eacute; de Hornes, Gand 1850; Europ&auml;ische Stammtafeln, Marburg 1978); E.Driant / &quot;LaMaisonde Damas&quot; par Hubert Lamant, 1977 (Biblioth&egrave;que municipale d&#39;Eaubonne)<br>........... http://geneastar.org.[royalty.FTW]<br><br>SOURCES: LDS FHL Ancestral File # (familysearch.org)<br>WEB:<br>&quot;Ancestors/Descendants of Royal Lines&quot; (Contributors: F. L. Jacquier (History of Charlemagne by Christian Settipani); L. Orlandini, ManuelAbranches de Soveral, Reynaud de Paysac, F.L. J P de Palmas (Aurejacet Tournemire; Frankish line; The Complete Peerage, Jacquier (Genealogy of Lewis Carroll, Justin Swanstrom, The Royal Families of England Scotland &amp; Wales by Burkes Peerage; Debrett&#39;s Peerage &amp; Baronage; Tableof descendants French Canadian Genealogical Society; Families of Monfort-sur-Risle &amp; Bertrand de Bricquebec; The Dukes of Normandy, XXXXI),A. Brabant (&quot;Dynastie Montmorency, Michel d&#39;Herbigny), Paul Leportier,Claude Barret, H.R. Moser (Burke Peerage), O.Guionneau, L.B. de Rouge, E. Polti, N. Danican (Britain&#39;s Royal Families; Buthlaw, Successionof Strathclyde, the Armorial 1961-62) A.Terlinden (Genealogy of theexisting British Peerage, 1842), L. Gustavsson, C. Cheneaux, E. Lodge,S.Bontron (Brian Tompsett), R. Dewkinandan, H. de la Villarmois, C. Donadello; Scevole de Livonniere, H. de la Villarmois, I. Flatmoen,P. Ract Madoux (History of Morhange; Leon Maujean; Annuaire de Lorraine, 1926; La Galissonniere: Elections d&#39;Arques et Rouen), Jean de Villoutreys (ref: Georges Poull), E. Wilkerson-Theaux (Laura Little), O. Auffray, A. Brabant (Genealogy of Chauvigny of Blot from &quot;Chanoine Prevost Archiviste du Diocese de Troyes Union Typographique Domois Cote-d&#39;Or 1925), Emmanuel Arminjon (E Levi-Provencal Histoire de l&#39;Espagne Andalouse), Y. Gazagnes-Gazanhe, R. Sekulovich and J.P. de Palmas (&quot;notes pierfit et iconographie Insecula&quot;, Tournemire), H de Riberolles (Base Tournemire), Franck Veillon; ,(Histoire G&eacute;n&eacute;alogique de la Maison de Hornes, Bruxelles 1848; Notice Historique Sur L&#39;Ancien Comt&eacute; de Hornes, Gand 1850; Europ&auml;ische Stammtafeln, Marburg 1978); E.Driant / &quot;LaMaisonde Damas&quot; par Hubert Lamant, 1977 (Biblioth&egrave;que municipale d&#39;Eaubonne)<br>........... http://geneastar.org.</p><p>http://larryvoyer.com/genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I26902&amp;tree=v7_28</p>

  • Story: Notes On Rodrigo Diaz "El Cid" De Vivar

    <p>EL CID (Rodrigo Diaz de Bibar (Vivar)), b. c 1043, d. Valencia, 10 Jul 1099, &quot;el Campeador,&quot; great national hero of Spain, subject of epic poems &amp; ballads, ruler of Valencia 15 Jun 1094-1099, son of Diego Lainez de Bibar in Castile, d. c 1058; m. 14 Jul 1074, Jimena (Ximena), d. c 1115, daughter of Diego, Count de Oviedo, and Cristina (great-granddaughter of Alfonso V, King of Leon). [Ancestral Roots, line 113a-23]</p><p>-------------------------------</p><p>Cid, the, Spanish EL CID, also called EL CAMPEADOR (&quot;the Champion&quot;), byname of RODRIGO, or RUY, D&Iacute;AZ DE VIVAR (b. c. 1043, Vivar, near Burgos, Castile [Spain]--d. July 10, 1099, Valencia), Castilian military leader and national hero. His popular name, El Cid (from Spanish Arabic as-sid, &quot;lord&quot;), dates from his lifetime.</p><p>Early life</p><p>Rodrigo D&iacute;az&#39; father, Diego La&iacute;nez, was a member of the minor nobility (infanzones) of Castile. But the Cid&#39;s social background was less unprivileged than later popular tradition liked to suppose, for he was directly connected on his mother&#39;s side with the great landed aristocracy, and he was brought up at the court of Ferdinand I in the household of that king&#39;s eldest son, the future Sancho II of Castile. When Sancho succeeded to the Castilian throne (1065), he nominated the 22-year-old Cid as his standard-bearer (armiger regis), or commander of the royal troops. This early promotion to important office suggests that the young Cid had already won a reputation for military prowess. In 1067 he accompanied Sancho on a campaign against the important Moorish kingdom of Saragossa (Zaragoza) and played a leading role in the negotiations that made its king, al-Muqtadir, a tributary of the Castilian crown.</p><p>Ferdinand I, on his death, had partitioned his kingdoms among his various children, leaving Leon to his second son, Alfonso VI. Sancho began (1067) to make war on the latter with the aim of annexing Leon. Later legend was to make the Cid a reluctant supporter of Sancho&#39;s aggression, but it is unlikely the real Cid had any such scruples. He played a prominent part in Sancho&#39;s successful campaigns against Alfonso and so found himself in an awkward situation in 1072, when the childless Sancho was killed while besieging Zamora, leaving the dethroned Alfonso as his only possible heir. The new king appears to have done his best to win the allegiance of Sancho&#39;s most powerful supporter. Though the Cid now lost his post as armiger regis to a great magnate, Count Garc&iacute;a Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez (whose bitter enemy he became), and his former influence at court naturally declined, he was allowed to remain there; and, in July 1074, probably at Alfonso&#39;s instigation, he married the king&#39;s niece Jimena, daughter of the Count de Oviedo. He thus became allied by marriage to the ancient royal dynasty of Leon. Very little is known about Jimena. The couple had one son and two daughters. The son, Diego Rodr&iacute;guez, was killed in battle against the Muslim Almoravid invaders from North Africa, at Consuegra (1097).</p><p>The Cid&#39;s position at court was, despite his marriage, precarious. He seems to have been thought of as the natural leader of those Castilians who were unreconciled to being ruled by a king of Leon. He certainly resented the influence exercised by the great landed nobles over Alfonso VI. Though his heroic biographers would later present the Cid as the blameless victim of unscrupulous noble enemies and of Alfonso&#39;s willingness to listen to unfounded slanders, it seems likely that the Cid&#39;s penchant for publicly humiliating powerful men may have largely contributed to his downfall. Though he was later to show himself astute and calculating as both a soldier and a politician, his conduct vis-&agrave;-vis the court suggests that resentment at his loss of influence as a result of Sancho&#39;s death may temporarily have undermined his capacity for self-control. In 1079, while on a mission to the Moorish king of Seville, he became embroiled with Garc&iacute;a Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, who was aiding the king of Granada in an invasion of the kingdom of Seville. The Cid defeated the markedly superior Granadine army at Cabra, near Seville, capturing Garc&iacute;a Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez. This victory prepared the way for his downfall; and when, in 1081, he led an unauthorized military raid into the Moorish kingdom of Toledo, which was under Alfonso&#39;s protection, the king exiled the Cid from his kingdoms. Several subsequent attempts at reconciliation produced no lasting results, and after 1081 the Cid never again was able to live for long in Alfonso VI&#39;s dominions.</p><p>Service to the Muslims</p><p>The exile offered his services to the Muslim dynasty that ruled Saragossa and with which he had first made contact in 1065. The king of Saragossa, in northeastern Spain, al-Mu&#39;tamin, welcomed the chance of having his vulnerable kingdom defended by so prestigious a Christian warrior. The Cid now loyally served al-Mu&#39;tamin and his successor, al-Musta&#39;in II, for nearly a decade. As a result of his experience he gained that understanding of the complexities of Hispano-Arabic politics and of Islamic law and custom that would later help him to conquer and hold Valencia. Meanwhile, he steadily added to his reputation as a general who had never been defeated in battle. In 1082, on behalf of al-Mu&#39;tamin, he inflicted a decisive defeat on the Moorish king of L&eacute;rida and the latter&#39;s Christian allies, among them the count of Barcelona. In 1084 he defeated a large Christian army under King Sancho Ram&iacute;rez of Aragon. He was richly rewarded for these victories by his grateful Muslim masters.</p><p>In 1086 there began the great Almoravid invasion of Spain from North Africa. Alfonso VI, crushingly defeated by the invaders at Sagrajas (Oct. 23, 1086) suppressed his antagonism to the Cid and recalled from exile the Christians&#39; best general. The Cid&#39;s presence at Alfonso&#39;s court in July 1087 is documented. But shortly afterward, he was back in Saragossa, and he was not a participant in the subsequent desperate battles against the Almoravids in the strategic regions where their attacks threatened the whole existence of Christian Spain. The Cid, for his part, now embarked on the lengthy and immensely complicated political maneuvering that was aimed at making him master of the rich Moorish kingdom of Valencia.</p><p>Conquest of Valencia</p><p>His first step was to eliminate the influence of the counts of Barcelona in that area. This was done when Berenguer Ram&oacute;n II was humiliatingly defeated at T&eacute;bar, near Teruel (May 1090). During the next years the Cid gradually tightened his control over Valencia and its ruler, al-Qadir, now his tributary. His moment of destiny came in October 1092 when the qadi (chief magistrate), Ibn Jahhaf, with Almoravid political support rebelled and killed al-Qadir. The Cid responded by closely besieging the rebel city. The siege lasted for many months; an Almoravid attempt to break it failed miserably (December 1093). In May 1094 Ibn Jahhaf at last surrendered, and the Cid finally entered Valencia as its conqueror. To facilitate his takeover he characteristically first made a pact with Ibn Jahhaf that led the latter to believe that his acts of rebellion and regicide were forgiven; but when the pact had served its purpose, the Cid arrested the former qadi and ordered him to be burnt alive. The Cid now ruled Valencia directly, himself acting as chief magistrate of the Muslims as well as the Christians. Nominally he held Valencia for Alfonso VI, but in fact he was its independent ruler in all but name. The city&#39;s chief mosque was Christianized in 1096; a French bishop, Jerome, was appointed to the new see; and there was a considerable influx of Christian colonists. The Cid&#39;s princely status was emphasized when his daughter Cristina married a prince of Aragon, Ramiro, lord of Monz&oacute;n, and his other daughter, Mar&iacute;a, married Ram&oacute;n Berenguer III, count of Barcelona.</p><p>Aftermath</p><p>The great enterprise to which the Cid had devoted so much of his energies was to prove totally ephemeral. Soon after his death Valencia was besieged by the Almoravids, and Alfonso VI had to intervene in person to save it. But the king rightly judged the place indefensible unless he diverted there permanently large numbers of troops urgently needed to defend the Christian heartlands against the invaders. He evacuated the city and then ordered it to be burned. On May 5, 1102, the Almoravids occupied Valencia, which was to remain in Muslim hands until 1238. The Cid&#39;s body was taken to Castile and reburied in the monastery of San Pedro de Carde&ntilde;a, near Burgos, where it became the centre of a lively tomb cult.</p><p>The Cid&#39;s biography presents special problems for the historian because he was speedily elevated to the status of national hero of Castile, and a complex heroic biography of him, in which legend played a dominant role, came into existence; the legend was magnified by the influence of the 12th-century epic poem of Castile, El cantar de m&iacute;o Cid (&quot;The Song of the Cid&quot;) and later by Pierre Corneille&#39;s tragedy Le Cid, first performed in 1637. For authentic information historians have to rely mainly on a few contemporary documents, on the Historia Roderici (a reliable, private 12th-century Latin chronicle of the Cid&#39;s life), and on a detailed eyewitness account of his conquest of Valencia by the Arab historian Ibn &#39;Alqamah. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD &#39;97]</p>

 
 
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