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Added by bjray1950

Dhouda Sanchez DeGascone

798-842
Born: Gascony, Pyrenees, France
Died: Uzès, Languedoc-Roussillon, France

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  • Story: Dhuoda

    Dhuoda<div>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<div>Jump to: <font color="#002bb8">navigation</font>, <font color="#002bb8">search</font></div><!-- start content --><p><strong>Dhuoda</strong> was the wife of <font color="#002bb8">Bernard of Septimania</font> and the author of the <em><font color="#ba0000">Liber Manualis</font>.</em></p><div>Contents<span><font size="5">[</font><font size="5" color="#002bb8">hide</font><font size="5">]</font></span></div><ul><li><font color="#002bb8"><span>1</span> <span>Life</span></font> </li><li><font color="#002bb8"><span>2</span> <span>Liber Manualis</span></font> </li><li><font color="#002bb8"><span>3</span> <span>References</span></font> </li><li><font color="#002bb8"><span>4</span> <span>Bibliography</span></font> </li><li><font color="#002bb8"><span>5</span> <span>External links</span></font> </li></ul><p></p><span>&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span>Life</span><p>Dhuoda&#39;s parentage is unknown, but her education and her connections indicate that her family was wealthy. She married <font color="#002bb8">Bernard, Duke of Septimania</font>, at <font color="#002bb8">Aachen</font> on the 24th of June, <font color="#002bb8">824</font>. Bernard was the son of William of Gellone, Charlemagne&#39;s cousin, who was later named the patron saint of knights.<sup>1</sup> Bernard was the godson of King <font color="#002bb8">Louis the Pious</font>.</p><p>Their first son, William, was born on the 29 November, <font color="#002bb8">826</font>, and the second, Bernard, on 22 March, <font color="#002bb8">841</font>. In the interim, the couple probably lived apart most of the time: she in Uzes in Southern France, and he at court in Aachen.</p><p>What little we know of her life comes from her book, the <em><font color="#ba0000">Liber Manualis</font></em>, or <em>Manual</em>, which Dhuoda wrote for her elder son, William, between <font color="#002bb8">841</font> and <font color="#002bb8">843</font>. It was a work written when Dhuoda had been separated from both her husband and her two sons, the victim of the conflicting ambitions of Charlemagne&#39;s descendants. William had been sent as a hostage to the court of <font color="#002bb8">Charles the Bald</font> in order to secure the loyalty of his father; Bernard was taken from her before his baptism and was sent to Aquitaine in order to keep him safe. We have no evidence that Dhuoda ever saw either of her children again; indeed, because of references she makes to her ill-health, it is quite possible that she died shortly after she completed her work.</p><p>Her husband, Bernard, was condemned for rebellion and executed in <font color="#002bb8">844</font>. Of her sons, William was killed in <font color="#002bb8">850</font>, <font color="#002bb8">Bernard</font> in <font color="#002bb8">885</font>.</p><p></p><span>&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span><em>Liber Manualis</em></span><p>The <em><font color="#ba0000">Liber Manualis</font></em> consists of seventy-three chapters as well as an introduction, invocation, and prologue. The book is full of practical moral directives aimed to help guide her sons through life. It is an invaluable document both for the general history of the Frankish era, but also for the history of education and the standards of education which could be attained by women even within the prescriptive bounds of early medieval society. It contains numerous quotations from and allusions to the Bible, and some references to secular writers, though some of the references are incorrect and the Latin is not overly-polished.</p><p>The work is known from a manuscript of the seventeenth century in the <font color="#002bb8">Biblioth&egrave;que Nationale</font>, <font color="#002bb8">Paris</font>, and from fragments of a manuscript of the Carolingian epoch, found in the library of <font color="#002bb8">N&icirc;mes</font>.</p><p></p><span>&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span>References</span><p><sup>1</sup> McKitterick, Rosamond. 1989. <em>The Carolingians and the Written Word</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</p><ul><li><em>This article incorporates text from the <font color="#002bb8">public-domain</font></em> <font color="#002bb8">Catholic Encyclopedia</font> <em>of 1913.</em> </li></ul><p></p><span>&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span>Bibliography</span><p>The <em>Liber manualis</em> (full title: <em>Liber manualis Dhuodane quem ad filium suum transmisit Wilhelmum</em>) has been edited and translated:</p><ul><li>Thiebaux, Marcelle (ed. and tr.). <em>Dhuoda. Handbook for her warrior son.</em> Cambridge Medieval Classics 8. Cambridge, 1998. (English translation) </li><li>Rich&eacute;, Pierre (ed.), Bernard de Vregille and Claude Mond&eacute;sert (trs.), <em>Dhuoda: Manuel pour mon Fils.</em> Sources Chr&eacute;tiennes 225. Paris, 1975.(French translation) </li><li>Bondurand, &Eacute;douard (ed. and tr.). <em>Le Manuel de Dhuoda</em>. Paris: Picard, 1887. French translation. <font color="#3366bb">PDF of reprint available from Gallica</font> </li><li>Mabillon, Jacques (ed.). PL 106.109&ndash;118. Partial edition, available from <font color="#3366bb">Documenta Catholica Omnia</font> </li><li>Neel, Carol (tr.). <em>Handbook for William. A Carolingian woman&rsquo;s counsel for her son</em>. Regents Studies in Medieval Culture. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991. </li><li>Thiebaux, Marcelle (tr.). <em>The Writings of Medieval Women</em>. New York, 1987. 65&ndash;79. Selective translation into English. </li></ul><p>A selection of secondary literature in English and French:</p><ul><li>Cherewatuk, Karen. &quot;<em>Speculum Matris</em>: Duoda&rsquo;s Manual.&quot; <em>Florilegium</em> 10 (1988-91): 49-64. <font color="#3366bb">Available online</font> </li><li>Claussen, Martin A. &quot;God and Man in Dhuoda&rsquo;s <em>Liber Manualis</em>.&quot; <em>SCH</em> 27 (1990): 43-52. </li><li>Claussen, Martin A. &quot;Fathers of Power and Mothers of Authority: Dhuoda and the <em>Liber Manualis</em>. <em>French Historical Studies</em> 19 (1996): 785-809. </li><li>Dronke, Peter. <em>Women Writers of the Middle Ages</em>. Cambridge, 1984. </li><li>Durrens, Janine. <em>Dhuoda, duchesse de Septimanie</em>. Clairsud, 2003. </li><li>Godard, Jocelyne. <em>Dhuoda. La Carolingienne</em>. Le S&eacute;maphore, 1997. </li><li>Marchand, James. &quot;The Frankish Mother: Dhuoda.&quot; In <em>Medieval Woman Writers</em>, ed. Katharina M. Wilson. Athens, 1984. 1&ndash;29. Includes selective translation of the <em>Liber Manualis</em>. </li><li>Nelson, Janet L. &quot;Dhuoda.&quot; In <em>Lay intellectuals in the Carolingian world</em>, ed. Patrick Wormald and Janet L. Nelson. Cambridge, 2007. 106-20. </li><li>Stofferahn, Steven A. &quot;The many faces in Dhuoda&#39;s mirror: The <em>Liber Manualis</em> and a century of scholarship.&quot; <em>Magistra. A journal of women&#39;s spirituality in history</em> 4.2 (Winter 1998): 89-134. </li></ul><p></p><span>&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span>External links</span><ul><li><font color="#3366bb">Catholic Encyclopedia article</font> </li><li><font color="#3366bb">Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes</font> </li><li><font color="#3366bb">Other women&#39;s voices. Translations of women&#39;s writing before 1700</font> </li></ul></div>

 
 
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