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Added by d1li3ht2

Godfrey I Bearded Brabant deLeuven Louvain

1060-1139
Born: Brabant, Meuse, Lorraine, France
Died: Yerushalayim, Israel

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  • Story: WIKI-LOWER LORRAINE;LOWER LOTHARINGIA; EST 855 LOTHIER

    <p>&nbsp;</p> <div style="margin-: -5em; margin-: 11em; height: 5em; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaabcaiaaacqd1peaaaadeleqvqihwnyfv0naasganhgopmuaaaaaelftksuqmcc); -webkit-transition-property: margin-; -webkit-transition-duration: 250ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: initial; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="margin-: 11em; padding-: 1.25em; padding-right: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 1.5em; padding-: 1.5em; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaabcaiaaacqd1peaaaadeleqvqihwnyfv0naasganhgopmuaaaaaelftksuqmcc); background-color: white; color: black; direction: ltr; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-transition-property: margin-, padding; -webkit-transition-duration: 250ms, 250ms; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat repeat;"> <div style=": relative; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: 0px;">&nbsp;</div> <span dir="auto">Lower Lorraine</span> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; : relative; width: 1176px; line-height: 1.5em;"> <div style="display: inline; font-size: 12px;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.2em; margin-: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-: 1em; color: #7d7d7d; width: auto;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; height: 0px; zoom: 1; margin-: -1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="direction: ltr;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: center; border-style: none;"> <div style="width: 52px;"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" alt="" width="50" height="39"></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.5em; width: 855px; border-style: none;"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article&nbsp;<strong>needs additional citations for verification</strong>.&nbsp;<span class="hide-when-compact">Please help&nbsp;<a class="external text" style="text-decoration: none; color: #3366bb; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms+9aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab/ikegorxxhqb+ua9bfcm0lazuh+yiead+caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a>&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Template:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed">challenged</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence">removed</a>.</span>&nbsp;<small><em>(July 2012)</em></small></span></td> </tr> </tbody> <div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; margin-: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-: 1.4em;"> <div style="min-width: 100px; background-color: #f9f9f9; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: 302px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #cccccc; border-style: solid; padding: 3px !important;"><img class="thumbimage" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #cccccc; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lotharingia-959.svg/300px-Lotharingia-959.svg.png" alt="" width="300" height="396"> <div style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 11px; text-align: ; border-style: none; padding: 3px !important;"> <div style="border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; float: right; background-: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-style: none !important;"><img style="border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; vertical-align: middle; display: block; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-style: none !important;" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11"></div> Lotharingia divided, around 1000<br>Blue: Alsace 925 ceded to Suebia<br>Orange: Upper Lorraine after 959<br>Green: Lower Lorraine after 977<br>(red:&nbsp;language border)</div> </div> </div> <tbody> <tr><th colspan="5"> <div style="text-align: center; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;">History of the&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Countries">Low Countries</a> <div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="display: inline; font-size: 9px; font-weight: normal; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 5px;"> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex///8auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw/wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii=); display: inline; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> <li class="nv-view" style="display: inline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.125em; margin: 0px;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Template:History of the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Low_Countries"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" title="View this template">v</span></a></li> &nbsp; <li class="nv-talk" style="display: inline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.125em; margin: 0px;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Template talk:History of the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Low_Countries"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" title="Discuss this template">t</span></a></li> &nbsp; <li class="nv-edit" style="display: inline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.125em; margin: 0px;"><a class="external text" style="text-decoration: none; color: #3366bb; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms+9aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab/ikegorxxhqb+ua9bfcm0lazuh+yiead+caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_the_Low_Countries&amp;action=edit"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" title="Edit this template">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffe8e8; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="4"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Frankish Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a><br><small>(5th to 10th century)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffb3b3; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Frisian Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a><br><small>(600&ndash;734)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffe8e8; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: initial; border-top-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="5"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Carolingian Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>&nbsp;after 800</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2cee6; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="West Francia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Francia">West Francia</a>("France")</td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2cee6; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" colspan="3">Independent Kingdom of&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Middle Francia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Francia">Middle Francia</a>&nbsp;(Lotharingia)<br><small>(843&ndash;870)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="5">Flanders and Lotharingia in Kingdom of West Francia&nbsp;<small>(870&ndash;880)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ff8c87; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" rowspan="2"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_Flanders.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Arms_of_Flanders.svg/20px-Arms_of_Flanders.svg.png" alt="Arms of Flanders.svg" width="20" height="25"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="County of Flanders" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Flanders">County of Flanders</a><br><small>(862&ndash;1384)</small><br>and&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burgundian_and_Habsburg_acquisitions_in_the_Low_Countries">other principalities</a><br><small>(10th&ndash;14th centuries)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ff8c87; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" colspan="3">Kingdom then Duchy of Lotharingia in East Francia ("Germany")<br><small>(880&ndash;1190)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #c5fcdc; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted; padding: 0.25em;" rowspan="5"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/20px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png" alt="Armoiries Principaut&eacute; de Li&egrave;ge.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Prince-Bishopric of Li&egrave;ge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge">Prince-Bishopric<br>of Li&egrave;ge</a><br><small>(980&ndash;1794)</small><br><br><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gules_a_fess_argent.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/20px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png" alt="Gules a fess argent.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Duchy of Bouillon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Bouillon">Duchy of Bouillon</a><br><small>(988&ndash;1795)</small><br><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Holy Roman Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Emperor_Frederick_III_Arms.svg/20px-Emperor_Frederick_III_Arms.svg.png" alt="Emperor Frederick III Arms.svg" width="20" height="24"></a>&nbsp;<br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Stavelot-Malmedy">Imperial Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy</a><br><small>(1138&ndash;1795)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffdd; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; padding: 0.25em;"><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Duchy of Brabant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a><br><small>(1183&ndash;1430)</small><br>and&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burgundian_and_Habsburg_acquisitions_in_the_Low_Countries">other principalities</a><br><small>(10th&ndash;15th centuries)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Counts_of_Luxembourg.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Arms_of_the_Counts_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_Counts_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" alt="Arms of the Counts of Luxembourg.svg" width="20" height="25"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="County, Duchy and Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County,_Duchy_and_Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg#County_.28963.E2.80.931353.29">County/<br>Duchy of<br>Luxembourg</a><br><small>(963&ndash;1443)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffdd; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg/20px-Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg.png" alt="Counts of Holland Arms.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="County of Holland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Holland">County of Holland</a><br><small>(880&ndash;1432)</small><br>and&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burgundian_and_Habsburg_acquisitions_in_the_Low_Countries">other principalities</a><br><small>(10th&ndash;15th centuries)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="4"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1364-1404).svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Burgundy_%281364-1404%29.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Burgundy_%281364-1404%29.svg.png" alt="Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg" width="20" height="24"></a>&nbsp;<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Burgundian Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a>&nbsp;<small>(1384&ndash;1477)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="4"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Habsburg Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a>&nbsp;(<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Seventeen Provinces" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces">Seventeen Provinces</a>)<br><small>(1482&ndash;1556)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="3"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Southern Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands<br>(Southern Netherlands)</a><br><small>(1556&ndash;1714)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" rowspan="4"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prinsenvlag.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/20px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" alt="Prinsenvlag.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Dutch Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic">Dutch Republic</a><br><small>(1581&ndash;1795)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: none;" colspan="3"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armoiries_Philippe_Ier_de_Habsbourg.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Armoiries_Philippe_Ier_de_Habsbourg.svg/20px-Armoiries_Philippe_Ier_de_Habsbourg.svg.png" alt="Armoiries Philippe Ier de Habsbourg.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Southern Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Netherlands#Austrian_Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands<br>(Southern Netherlands)</a><br><small>(1714&ndash;1795)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LuikVlag.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/20px-LuikVlag.svg.png" alt="LuikVlag.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Li&egrave;ge Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_Revolution">Li&egrave;ge Revolution</a><br><small>(1789&ndash;1792)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" colspan="2"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="United States of Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Belgium">United States<br>of Belgium</a><br><small>(1790)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: #ddddff; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: #ddddff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #c5fcdc; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted; padding: 0.25em;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: none;" colspan="3">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdddd; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 1px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: dotted;" rowspan="2" colspan="4"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" alt="Flag of France.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br>Part of the<br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="French First Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_First_Republic">French Republic</a><br><small>(1795&ndash;1804)</small><br>and the<br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="First French Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Empire">French Empire</a><br><small>(1804&ndash;1815)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffb3b3; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Batavian Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavian_Republic">Batavian Republic</a><br><small>(1795&ndash;1806)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffb3b3; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Kingdom of Holland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland">Kingdom<br>of Holland</a></span><br><small>(1806&ndash;1810)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdddd; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: dotted;" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="5"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands">United Kingdom of<br>the Netherlands</a><br><small>(1815&ndash;1830)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" rowspan="2" colspan="3"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" alt="Flag of Belgium.svg" width="20" height="17"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="History of Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Belgium#Independence">Kingdom of Belgium</a><br><small>(since 1830)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" alt="Flag of Luxembourg.svg" width="20" height="12"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="History of Luxembourg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Luxembourg#Developing_independence_.281815.E2.80.931890.29">Gr Duchy Luxembourg</a><br><small>(personal union)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" rowspan="2"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands">Kingdom of<br>the Netherlands</a><br><small>(since 1830)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" alt="Flag of Luxembourg.svg" width="20" height="12"></a><br>Gr Duchy Luxembourg<br><small>(since 1890)</small></td> </tr> </tbody> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">The&nbsp;<strong>Duchy of Lower Lorraine</strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>Lower Lotharingia</strong>&nbsp;(also referred to sometimes as&nbsp;<em>Lothier</em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>Lottier</em><sup style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup>&nbsp;in titles), established in 959 was a&nbsp;stem duchy&nbsp;of the medieval&nbsp;German kingdom, which encompassed part of modern-day&nbsp;Belgium, the&nbsp;Netherlands, the northern part of the&nbsp;GermanRhineland&nbsp;and a part of northern&nbsp;France&nbsp;east of the&nbsp;Schelde&nbsp;river.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">It was created out of the former&nbsp;Middle Frankish&nbsp;realm of&nbsp;Lotharingia&nbsp;under King&nbsp;Lothair II, that had been established in 855. Lotharingia was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under&nbsp;Louis the Younger&nbsp;by the 880&nbsp;Treaty of Ribemont&nbsp;and upon the death of&nbsp;East Frankishking&nbsp;Louis the Child&nbsp;in 911 it joined&nbsp;West Francia&nbsp;under King&nbsp;Charles the Simple. It then formed a duchy in its own right, and about 925 DukeGilbert&nbsp;declared homage to the German king&nbsp;Henry the Fowler, an act which King&nbsp;Rudolph of France&nbsp;was helpless to revert. From that time on Lotharingia (or Lorraine) remained a German stem duchy, the border with France did not change throughout the Middle Ages.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">In 959 King Henry's son Duke&nbsp;Bruno the Great&nbsp;divided Lotharingia into two duchies: Lower and&nbsp;Upper Lorraine&nbsp;(or Lower and Upper Lotharingia) and granted Count&nbsp;Godfrey I of Mons&nbsp;(Hainaut) the title of a Duke of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey's lands were to the north (lower down the&nbsp;Rhine&nbsp;river system), while Upper Lorraine was to the south (further up the river system). Both duchies formed the western part of the&nbsp;Holy Roman Empireestablished by Bruno's elder brother Emperor&nbsp;Otto I&nbsp;in 962.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">Both Lotharingian duchies took very separate paths thereafter: Upon the death of Godfrey's son Duke&nbsp;Richar, Lower Lorraine was directly ruled by the Emperor, until in 977&nbsp;Otto II&nbsp;enfeoffed&nbsp;Charles, the exiled younger brother of King&nbsp;Lothair of France. Lower and Upper Lorraine were once again briefly reunited under&nbsp;Gothelo I&nbsp;from 1033 to 1044. After that, the Lower duchy was quickly marginalised, while Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply the Duchy of Lorraine.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">Over the next decades the significance of the Duchy of Lower Lorraine diminished and furthermore was affected by the conflict between EmperorHenry IV&nbsp;and his son&nbsp;Henry V: In 1100 Henry IV had enfeoffed Count&nbsp;Henry of Limburg, who Henry V, having enforced the abdication of his father, immediately deposed and replaced by Count&nbsp;Godfrey of Louvain. Upon the death of Duke&nbsp;Godfrey III&nbsp;in 1190, his son Duke&nbsp;Henry I of Brabantinherited the ducal title by order of Emperor&nbsp;Henry VI&nbsp;at the Diet of&nbsp;Schw&auml;bisch Hall. Thereby the Duchy of Lower Lorraine finally lost its territorial authority, while the remnant Imperial fief held by the&nbsp;Dukes of Brabant&nbsp;was later called the&nbsp;Duchy of Lothier&nbsp;(or Lothryk).</p> <span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Edit section: Successor states" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1">edit</a>]</span><span id="Successor_states" class="mw-headline">Successor states</span> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">After the territorial power of the duchy was shattered, many fiefdoms came to independence in its area. The most important ones of these were:</p> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-: 1.6em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Archbishopric of Cologne</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bishopric of Li&egrave;ge</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bishopric of Utrecht</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bishopric of Cambrai</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Duchy of Limburg</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Guelders&nbsp;(includes also the shire&nbsp;Teisterbant)</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Margravate of Ename, later called Imperial&nbsp;Flanders&nbsp;or the County of&nbsp;Aalst</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of J&uuml;lich</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Namur</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Cleves</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Hainault, including the Margravate of Valenciennes and the County of Bergen</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Holland</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Berg</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Loon</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Horne</li> </ul> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">The following successor states remained under the authority of the titular dukes of Lower Lorraine (Lothier):</p> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-: 1.6em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Margraviate of Antwerp</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Leuven&nbsp;and&nbsp;Brussels</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Duchy of Brabant</li> </ul> <span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Edit section: See also" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2">edit</a>]</span><span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-: 1.6em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of rulers of Lorraine</li> </ul> <span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Edit section: References" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3">edit</a>]</span><span id="References" class="mw-headline">References</span> <div style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 3.2em; list-style-image: none; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: inherit; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span><strong>^</strong></span>&nbsp;<span>"Treaty of Joinville".&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: #555555;">(French)</span>&nbsp;In Davenport, Frances G.&nbsp;<em>European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies</em>. 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word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Catal&agrave;</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Česky</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Dansk</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Deutsch</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Espa&ntilde;ol</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Fran&ccedil;ais</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Hrvatski</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Magyar</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Nederlands</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Rom&acirc;nă</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Русский</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Sloven&scaron;čina</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">Українська</li> <li style="line-height: 1.125em; padding-: 0.25em; padding-right: 0px; padding-: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.75em; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px;">West-Vlams</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-: 11em; margin-: 0px; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaabcaiaaacqd1peaaaadeleqvqihwnyfv0naasganhgopmuaaaaaelftksuqmcc); direction: ltr; -webkit-transition-property: margin-, padding; -webkit-transition-duration: 250ms, 250ms; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; 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