Godfrey I Bearded Brabant deLeuven Louvain
1060-1139
Born: Brabant, Meuse, Lorraine, France
Died: Yerushalayim, Israel
1060-1139
Born: Brabant, Meuse, Lorraine, France
Died: Yerushalayim, Israel
<p> </p> <div style="margin-: -5em; margin-: 11em; height: 5em; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaabcaiaaacqd1peaaaadeleqvqihwnyfv0naasganhgopmuaaaaaelftksuqmcc); -webkit-transition-property: margin-; -webkit-transition-duration: 250ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: initial; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat;"> </div> <div style="margin-: 11em; padding-: 1.25em; padding-right: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 1.5em; padding-: 1.5em; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaabcaiaaacqd1peaaaadeleqvqihwnyfv0naasganhgopmuaaaaaelftksuqmcc); background-color: white; color: black; direction: ltr; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-transition-property: margin-, padding; -webkit-transition-duration: 250ms, 250ms; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat repeat;"> <div style=": relative; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: 0px;"> </div> <span dir="auto">Lower Lorraine</span> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; : relative; width: 1176px; line-height: 1.5em;"> <div style="display: inline; font-size: 12px;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.2em; margin-: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-: 1em; color: #7d7d7d; width: auto;"> </div> <div style="overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; height: 0px; zoom: 1; margin-: -1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em;"> </div> <div style="direction: ltr;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: center; border-style: none;"> <div style="width: 52px;"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" alt="" width="50" height="39"></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.5em; width: 855px; border-style: none;"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <strong>needs additional citations for verification</strong>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" style="text-decoration: none; color: #3366bb; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms+9aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab/ikegorxxhqb+ua9bfcm0lazuh+yiead+caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Template:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed">challenged</a> and <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence">removed</a>.</span> <small><em>(July 2012)</em></small></span></td> </tr> </tbody> <div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; margin-: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-: 1.4em;"> <div style="min-width: 100px; background-color: #f9f9f9; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: 302px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #cccccc; border-style: solid; padding: 3px !important;"><img class="thumbimage" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #cccccc; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lotharingia-959.svg/300px-Lotharingia-959.svg.png" alt="" width="300" height="396"> <div style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 11px; text-align: ; border-style: none; padding: 3px !important;"> <div style="border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; float: right; background-: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-style: none !important;"><img style="border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; vertical-align: middle; display: block; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-style: none !important;" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11"></div> Lotharingia divided, around 1000<br>Blue: Alsace 925 ceded to Suebia<br>Orange: Upper Lorraine after 959<br>Green: Lower Lorraine after 977<br>(red: language border)</div> </div> </div> <tbody> <tr><th colspan="5"> <div style="text-align: center; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;">History of the <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Countries">Low Countries</a> <div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="display: inline; font-size: 9px; font-weight: normal; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 5px;"> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex///8auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw/wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii=); display: inline; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> <li class="nv-view" style="display: inline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.125em; margin: 0px;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Template:History of the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Low_Countries"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" title="View this template">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk" style="display: inline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.125em; margin: 0px;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; padding: 0px !important;" title="Template talk:History of the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Low_Countries"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" title="Discuss this template">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit" style="display: inline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.125em; margin: 0px;"><a class="external text" style="text-decoration: none; color: #3366bb; background-image: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms+9aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab/ikegorxxhqb+ua9bfcm0lazuh+yiead+caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_the_Low_Countries&action=edit"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" title="Edit this template">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffe8e8; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="4"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Frankish Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a><br><small>(5th to 10th century)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffb3b3; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Frisian Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a><br><small>(600–734)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffe8e8; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: initial; border-top-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="5"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Carolingian Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> after 800</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2cee6; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"> </td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="West Francia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Francia">West Francia</a>("France")</td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2cee6; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" colspan="3">Independent Kingdom of <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Middle Francia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Francia">Middle Francia</a> (Lotharingia)<br><small>(843–870)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="5">Flanders and Lotharingia in Kingdom of West Francia <small>(870–880)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ff8c87; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"> </td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" rowspan="2"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_Flanders.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Arms_of_Flanders.svg/20px-Arms_of_Flanders.svg.png" alt="Arms of Flanders.svg" width="20" height="25"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="County of Flanders" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Flanders">County of Flanders</a><br><small>(862–1384)</small><br>and <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burgundian_and_Habsburg_acquisitions_in_the_Low_Countries">other principalities</a><br><small>(10th–14th centuries)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ff8c87; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" colspan="3">Kingdom then Duchy of Lotharingia in East Francia ("Germany")<br><small>(880–1190)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #c5fcdc; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted; padding: 0.25em;" rowspan="5"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/20px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png" alt="Armoiries Principauté de Liège.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge">Prince-Bishopric<br>of Liège</a><br><small>(980–1794)</small><br><br><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gules_a_fess_argent.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/20px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png" alt="Gules a fess argent.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Duchy of Bouillon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Bouillon">Duchy of Bouillon</a><br><small>(988–1795)</small><br><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Holy Roman Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Emperor_Frederick_III_Arms.svg/20px-Emperor_Frederick_III_Arms.svg.png" alt="Emperor Frederick III Arms.svg" width="20" height="24"></a> <br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Stavelot-Malmedy">Imperial Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy</a><br><small>(1138–1795)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffdd; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; padding: 0.25em;"><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Duchy of Brabant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a><br><small>(1183–1430)</small><br>and <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burgundian_and_Habsburg_acquisitions_in_the_Low_Countries">other principalities</a><br><small>(10th–15th centuries)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Counts_of_Luxembourg.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Arms_of_the_Counts_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_Counts_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" alt="Arms of the Counts of Luxembourg.svg" width="20" height="25"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="County, Duchy and Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County,_Duchy_and_Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg#County_.28963.E2.80.931353.29">County/<br>Duchy of<br>Luxembourg</a><br><small>(963–1443)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffffdd; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg/20px-Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg.png" alt="Counts of Holland Arms.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="County of Holland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Holland">County of Holland</a><br><small>(880–1432)</small><br>and <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burgundian_and_Habsburg_acquisitions_in_the_Low_Countries">other principalities</a><br><small>(10th–15th centuries)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: middle; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="4"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1364-1404).svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Burgundy_%281364-1404%29.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Burgundy_%281364-1404%29.svg.png" alt="Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg" width="20" height="24"></a> <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Burgundian Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a> <small>(1384–1477)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="4"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Habsburg Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> (<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Seventeen Provinces" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces">Seventeen Provinces</a>)<br><small>(1482–1556)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="3"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Southern Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands<br>(Southern Netherlands)</a><br><small>(1556–1714)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" rowspan="4"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prinsenvlag.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/20px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" alt="Prinsenvlag.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Dutch Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic">Dutch Republic</a><br><small>(1581–1795)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: none;" colspan="3"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armoiries_Philippe_Ier_de_Habsbourg.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Armoiries_Philippe_Ier_de_Habsbourg.svg/20px-Armoiries_Philippe_Ier_de_Habsbourg.svg.png" alt="Armoiries Philippe Ier de Habsbourg.svg" width="20" height="22"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Southern Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Netherlands#Austrian_Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands<br>(Southern Netherlands)</a><br><small>(1714–1795)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LuikVlag.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/20px-LuikVlag.svg.png" alt="LuikVlag.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Liège Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_Revolution">Liège Revolution</a><br><small>(1789–1792)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" colspan="2"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="United States of Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Belgium">United States<br>of Belgium</a><br><small>(1790)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: #ddddff; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: #ddddff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #c5fcdc; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted; padding: 0.25em;"> </td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ddddff; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: none;" colspan="3"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdddd; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 1px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: dotted;" rowspan="2" colspan="4"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" alt="Flag of France.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br>Part of the<br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="French First Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_First_Republic">French Republic</a><br><small>(1795–1804)</small><br>and the<br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="First French Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Empire">French Empire</a><br><small>(1804–1815)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffb3b3; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Batavian Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavian_Republic">Batavian Republic</a><br><small>(1795–1806)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffb3b3; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Kingdom of Holland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland">Kingdom<br>of Holland</a></span><br><small>(1806–1810)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdddd; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-style: dotted;" colspan="5"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" colspan="5"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands">United Kingdom of<br>the Netherlands</a><br><small>(1815–1830)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff99; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;" rowspan="2" colspan="3"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" alt="Flag of Belgium.svg" width="20" height="17"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="History of Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Belgium#Independence">Kingdom of Belgium</a><br><small>(since 1830)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" alt="Flag of Luxembourg.svg" width="20" height="12"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="History of Luxembourg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Luxembourg#Developing_independence_.281815.E2.80.931890.29">Gr Duchy Luxembourg</a><br><small>(personal union)</small></td> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffdead; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" rowspan="2"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"><img style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-style: none;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" alt="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" width="20" height="13"></a><br><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands">Kingdom of<br>the Netherlands</a><br><small>(since 1830)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-width: 1px; border-style: dotted;"><a class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg"><img class="thumbborder" style="border-width: 1px; border-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: middle; border-style: solid;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" alt="Flag of Luxembourg.svg" width="20" height="12"></a><br>Gr Duchy Luxembourg<br><small>(since 1890)</small></td> </tr> </tbody> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">The <strong>Duchy of Lower Lorraine</strong> or <strong>Lower Lotharingia</strong> (also referred to sometimes as <em>Lothier</em> or <em>Lottier</em><sup style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup> in titles), established in 959 was a stem duchy of the medieval German kingdom, which encompassed part of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, the northern part of the GermanRhineland and a part of northern France east of the Schelde river.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">It was created out of the former Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia under King Lothair II, that had been established in 855. Lotharingia was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under Louis the Younger by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont and upon the death of East Frankishking Louis the Child in 911 it joined West Francia under King Charles the Simple. It then formed a duchy in its own right, and about 925 DukeGilbert declared homage to the German king Henry the Fowler, an act which King Rudolph of France was helpless to revert. From that time on Lotharingia (or Lorraine) remained a German stem duchy, the border with France did not change throughout the Middle Ages.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">In 959 King Henry's son Duke Bruno the Great divided Lotharingia into two duchies: Lower and Upper Lorraine (or Lower and Upper Lotharingia) and granted Count Godfrey I of Mons (Hainaut) the title of a Duke of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey's lands were to the north (lower down the Rhine river system), while Upper Lorraine was to the south (further up the river system). Both duchies formed the western part of the Holy Roman Empireestablished by Bruno's elder brother Emperor Otto I in 962.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">Both Lotharingian duchies took very separate paths thereafter: Upon the death of Godfrey's son Duke Richar, Lower Lorraine was directly ruled by the Emperor, until in 977 Otto II enfeoffed Charles, the exiled younger brother of King Lothair of France. Lower and Upper Lorraine were once again briefly reunited under Gothelo I from 1033 to 1044. After that, the Lower duchy was quickly marginalised, while Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply the Duchy of Lorraine.</p> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">Over the next decades the significance of the Duchy of Lower Lorraine diminished and furthermore was affected by the conflict between EmperorHenry IV and his son Henry V: In 1100 Henry IV had enfeoffed Count Henry of Limburg, who Henry V, having enforced the abdication of his father, immediately deposed and replaced by Count Godfrey of Louvain. Upon the death of Duke Godfrey III in 1190, his son Duke Henry I of Brabantinherited the ducal title by order of Emperor Henry VI at the Diet of Schwäbisch Hall. Thereby the Duchy of Lower Lorraine finally lost its territorial authority, while the remnant Imperial fief held by the Dukes of Brabant was later called the Duchy of Lothier (or Lothryk).</p> <span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Edit section: Successor states" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&action=edit&section=1">edit</a>]</span><span id="Successor_states" class="mw-headline">Successor states</span> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">After the territorial power of the duchy was shattered, many fiefdoms came to independence in its area. The most important ones of these were:</p> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-: 1.6em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Archbishopric of Cologne</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bishopric of Liège</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bishopric of Utrecht</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bishopric of Cambrai</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Duchy of Limburg</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Guelders (includes also the shire Teisterbant)</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Margravate of Ename, later called Imperial Flanders or the County of Aalst</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Jülich</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Namur</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Cleves</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Hainault, including the Margravate of Valenciennes and the County of Bergen</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Holland</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Berg</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Loon</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Horne</li> </ul> <p style="margin-: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0px; line-height: 1.5em;">The following successor states remained under the authority of the titular dukes of Lower Lorraine (Lothier):</p> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-: 1.6em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Margraviate of Antwerp</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">County of Leuven and Brussels</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Duchy of Brabant</li> </ul> <span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Edit section: See also" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&action=edit&section=2">edit</a>]</span><span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: disc; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-: 1.6em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of rulers of Lorraine</li> </ul> <span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a style="text-decoration: none; color: #0645ad; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Edit section: References" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Lorraine&action=edit&section=3">edit</a>]</span><span id="References" class="mw-headline">References</span> <div style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 3.2em; list-style-image: none; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: inherit; padding: 0px;"> <li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span><strong>^</strong></span> <span>"Treaty of Joinville". <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: #555555;">(French)</span> In Davenport, Frances G. <em>European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies</em>. 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