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Charlemagnq The Great the Franks Holy Roman

742-814
Born: Hesse, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
Died: Aix La Chapelle, Aachen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

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  • Birth

  • Story: Charlemagne

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne

  • Death

  • Story: Carolingian Dynasty

    <p>From the Wikipedia article at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty</p><p>The <strong>Carolingian dynasty</strong> (known variously as the <strong>Carlovingians</strong>, <strong>Carolings</strong>, or <strong>Karlings</strong>) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century. The name &quot;Carolingian&quot;, Medieval Latin <em>karolingi</em>, an altered form of an unattested Old High German *<em>karling, kerling</em> (meaning &quot;descendant of Charles&quot;, cf. MHG <em>kerlinc</em>),<sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup> derives from the Latinised name of Charles Martel: <em>Carolus</em>.<sup><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup> The family consolidated its power in the late 7th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and <em>dux et princeps Francorum</em> hereditary and becoming the <em>de facto</em> rulers of the Franks as the real powers behind the throne. By 751, the Merovingian dynasty which until then had ruled the Franks by right was deprived of this right with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy and a Carolingian, Pepin the Short, was crowned King of the Franks.</p><p>Traditional historiography has seen the Carolingian assumption of kingship as the product of a long rise to power, punctuated even by a premature attempt to seize the throne through Childebert the Adopted. This picture, however, is not commonly accepted today. Rather, the coronation of 751 is seen typically as a product of the aspirations of one man, Pepin, and of the Church, which was always looking for powerful secular protectors and for the extension of its temporal influence.</p><p>The greatest Carolingian monarch was Charlemagne, who was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III at Rome in 800. His empire, ostensibly a continuation of the Roman Empire, is referred to historiographically as the Carolingian Empire. The traditional Frankish (and Merovingian) practice of dividing inheritances among heirs was not given up by the Carolingian emperors, though the concept of the indivisibility of the Empire was also accepted. The Carolingians had the practice of making their sons (sub-)kings in the various regions (<em>regna</em>) of the Empire, <em>regna</em> which they would inherit on the death of their father. Following the death of Louis the Pious, the surviving adult Carolingians fought a three-year civil war ending only in the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the empire into three <em>regna</em> while according imperial status and a nominal lordship to Lothair I. The Carolingians differed markedly from the Merovingians in that they disallowed inheritance to illegitimate offspring, possibly in an effort to prevent infighting among heirs and assure a limit to the division of the realm. In the late ninth century, however, the lack of suitable adults among the Carolingians necessitated the rise of Arnulf of Carinthia, a bastard child of a legitimate Carolingian king.</p><p>The Carolingians were displaced in most of the <em>regna</em> of the Empire in 888. They ruled on in East Francia until 911 and they held the throne of West Francia intermittently until 987. Though they asserted their prerogative to rule, their hereditary, God-given right, and their usual alliance with the Church, they were unable to stem the principle of electoral monarchy and their propagandism failed them in the long run. Carolingian cadet branches continued to rule in Vermandois and Lower Lorraine after the last king died in 987, but they never sought thrones of principalities and made peace with the new ruling families. It is with the coronation of Robert II of France as junior co-ruler with his father, Hugh Capet, the first of the Capetian dynasty, that one chronicler of Sens dates the end of Carolingian rule.<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></p><p><div>Contents<span>[hide]</span></div><ul><li><span>1</span> <span>List of Carolingians</span></li><li><span>2</span> <span>See also</span></li><li><span>3</span> <span>Sources</span></li><li><span>4</span> <span>Notes</span></li><li><span>5</span> <span>See also</span></li></ul></p><p></p><span>List of Carolingians</span><p>This is an incomplete listing of those of the male-line descent from Charles Martel:</p><p>Charles Martel (676&ndash;741) had five sons;</p>1. Carloman, Mayor of the Palace (711&ndash;754) had two sons; A. Drogo, Mayor of the Palace (b. 735)2. Pepin the Short (714&ndash;768) had two sons;Pepin, Count of Vermandois]] (b. 815) had three sons; 1. Bernard, Count of Laon (844&ndash;893) had one son; A. Roger I of Laon (d. 927) had one son; I. Roger II of Laon (d. 942) died without male issue2. Pepin, Count of Senlis and Valois (846&ndash;893) had one son; A. Pepin II, Count of Senlis, (876&ndash;922) had one son; I. Bernard of Senlis (919&ndash;947) had one son; a. Robert I of Senlis (d. 1004) had one son; i. Robert II of Senlis and Peroone (d. 1028) died without male issue3. Herbert I, Count of Vermandois (848&ndash;907) had two sons; A. Herbert II, Count of Vermandois (884&ndash;943) had five sons; I. Eudes of Vermandois (910&ndash;946) died without issueII. Herbert, Count of Meaux and of Troyes (b. 911&ndash;993)III. Robert of Vermandois (d. 968) had one son; a. Herbert III, Count of Meaux (950&ndash;995) had one son; i. Stephen I, Count of Troyes (d. 1020) died without issueIV. Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois (916&ndash;988) had four sons; a. Herbert III, Count of Vermandois (953&ndash;1015) had three sons; i. Adalbert II of Vermandois (c.980&ndash;1015)ii. Landulf, Bishop of Noyoniii. Otto, Count of Vermandois (979&ndash;1045) had three sons; 1. Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois (1028&ndash;1080) had one son; A. Eudes the Insane, Count of Vermandois (d. 1085)2.Eudes I, Count of Ham, (b. 1034)3.Peter, Count of Vermandoisb. Eudes of Vermandois (c. 956-983)c. Liudolfe of Noyon (c.957-986)d. Guy of Vermandois, Count of SoissonsV. Hugh of Vermandois, Archbishop of Rheims (920-962) died without issueB. Berenger of Vermandois, Count of Bayeaux whose grandson was Conan I of RennesIV. Louis the Pious (778&ndash;840) had 4 sons; a. Lothair I (795&ndash;855) had 4 sons; i. Louis II of Italy (825&ndash;875) died without male issueii. Lothair II of Lotharingia (835&ndash;869) had 1 son (illegitimate); 1. Hugh, Duke of Alsace (855&ndash;895) died without issueiii. Charles of Provence (845&ndash;863) died without issueiv. Carloman (b. 853) died in infancyb. Pepin I of Aquitaine (797&ndash;838) had 2 sons; i. Pepin II of Aquitaine (823&ndash;864) died without issueii. Charles, Archbishop of Mainz (828&ndash;863) died without issuec. Louis the German (806&ndash;876) had 3 sons; i. Carloman of Bavaria (830&ndash;880) had 1 son (illegitimate); 1. Arnulf of Carinthia (850&ndash;899) had 3 sons; A. Louis the Child (893&ndash;911) died without issueB. Zwentibold (870&ndash;900) died without issueC. Ratold of Italy (889&ndash;929) died without issueii. Louis the Younger (835&ndash;882) had 1 son; 1. Louis (877 - 879) died in infancyiii. Charles the Fat (839&ndash;888) had 1 son (illegitimate); 1. Bernard (son of Charles the Fat) (d. 892 young)d. Charles the Bald (823&ndash;877) had 4 sons; i. Louis the Stammerer (846&ndash;879) had 3 sons; 1. Louis III of France (863&ndash;882) died without issue2. Carloman II of France (866&ndash;884) died without issue3. Charles the Simple (879&ndash;929) had one son; A. Louis IV of France (920&ndash;954) had five sons; I. Lothair of France (941&ndash;986) had two sons; a. Louis V of France (967&ndash;987) died without issueb. Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims (d. 1021) died without issueII. Carloman (b. 945) died in infancyIII. Louis (b. 948) died in infancyIV. Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine (953&ndash;993) had 3 sons; a. Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine (970&ndash;1012) died without issueb. Louis of Lower Lorraine (980&ndash;1015) died without issue, the last legitimate Carolingianc. Charles (b. 989) died youngV. Henry (b. 953) died in infancyii. Charles the Child (847&ndash;866) died without issueiii. Lothar (848&ndash;865) died without issueiv. Carloman, son of Charles the Bald (849&ndash;874) died without issueV. Lothair (778&ndash;780) died in infancyVI. Drogo of Metz (801&ndash;855) died without issueVII. Hugh, son of Charlemagne (802&ndash;844) died without male issueVIII. Dietrich (Theodricum) (807-818)died without male issueB. Carloman I (751&ndash;771) died without issue3. Grifo (726&ndash;753) died without issue4. Bernard, son of Charles Martel (730&ndash;787) had two sons; A. Adalard of Corbie (751&ndash;827) died without issueB. Wala of Corbie (755&ndash;836) died without issue5. Remigius of Rouen (d. 771) died without issue<p></p><span>See also</span><ul><li>Kings of Germany family tree. The Carolingians were the first dynasty to rule Germany and were related by marriage to all the others.</li></ul><p></p><span>Sources</span><ul><li>Hollister, Clive, and Bennett, Judith. <em>Medieval Europe: A Short History</em>.</li><li>Reuter, Timothy. <em>Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800&ndash;1056</em>. New York: Longman, 1991.</li><li>MacLean, Simon. <em>Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire</em>. Cambridge University Press: 2003.</li><li>Lewis, Andrew W. (1981). <em>Royal Succession in Capetian France: Studies on Familial Order and the State</em>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <font size="2">ISBN 0 674 77985 1</font><font size="2">.</font></li><li>Leyser, Karl. <em>Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries</em>. London: 1994.</li><li>Oman, Charles. <em>The Dark Ages, 476-918</em>. 6th ed. London: Rivingtons, 1914.</li><li>Painter, Sidney. <em>A History of the Middle Ages, 284-1500</em>. New York: Knopf, 1953.</li><li>&quot;Astronomus&quot;, <em>Vita Hludovici imperatoris</em>, ed. G. Pertz, ch. 2, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, II, 608.</li><li>Reuter, Timothy (trans.) <em>The Annals of Fulda</em>. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.</li><li>Einhard. <em>Vita Karoli Magni</em>. Translated by Samuel Epes Turner. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1880.</li></ul><p></p><span>Notes</span><div><ol><li><strong>^</strong> Babcock, Philip (ed). <em>Webster&#39;s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged</em>. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1993: 341.</li><li><strong>^</strong> Hollister and Bennett, 97.</li><li><strong>^</strong> Lewis, 17.</li></ol></div><p></p><span>See also</span><ul><li>List of Frankish Kings</li><li>List of French monarchs</li><li>List of German monarchs</li><li>List of Holy Roman Emperors</li><li>Kings of France family tree</li><li>Carolingian minuscule</li><li>Carolingian Renaissance</li><li>List of counts of Vermandois</li></ul>

  • Marriage

  • Story: Charlemagne's Legacy

    <div><span>Charlemagne&#39;s Legacy: </span><p>Although the empire Charles built did not long outlast his death, still his consolidation of territory was an important stage in the growth of Europe. In addition, many of the changes and developments made by Charles himself, or fostered due to his patronage, would endure long beyond the Carolingian Empire.</p></div><div><ul><li>The offices created or adapted by Charlemagne would persist for centuries in the variations of counts, dukes and marquises across Europe and Britain.<br><br></li><li>Charlemagne reorganized the monetary system, devising the system of pounds, shillings and pence used throughout Europe in the middle ages and in Britain until the 1970s.<br><br></li></ul></div><div><li>The monastic schools Charlemagne developed would preserve a tradition of learning, which in turn made an important burst of medieval scholarship possible in what became known as the 12th-century Renaissance.<br><br></li><li>90% of the works of ancient Rome now in existence are preserved in the form of eighth- and ninth-century manuscripts copied in Carolingian monasteries.<br><br></li><li>The Carolingian miniscule script would eventually become the lower-case letters we use today.<br><br></li><li>The <em>Song of Roland,</em> inspired by events that took place in Charlemagne&#39;s worst defeat, is the earliest known <em>chanson de geste</em><em>.</em> It is part of a cycle of works that revolve around Charlemagne, about whom many legends sprang up. These legends, known as &quot;the matter of France,&quot; would influence French and European literature through the centuries to today.<br><br></li><li>Charles had a palace and a cathedral built in his favorite town, Aachen (or Aix-la-Chapelle), where he also died and was buried. Aachen became the location of the coronation of every emperor until the 16th century.<br><br></li><li>The Carolingian Empire would inspire a tenth-century ruler, Otto the Great, to consolidate his territory in what came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire. Covering much of what Charles had controlled during his lifetime, the Holy Roman Empire was one of the most significant political entities of the Middle Ages.</li></div>

 
 
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