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CHARLES II "THE BALD" KING of the FRANKS HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR CAROLINGIENCAROLINGIEN

823-877
Born: Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
Died: Trois Vallees, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France

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  • Story: Charles II "The Bald" Holy Roman Emperor

    <span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium"><strong>*Charles II &quot;The Bald&quot; Holy Roman Emperor<br></strong>born 13 June 0823 Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Germany<br>died 6 October 0877 Brides Les Bains, near Mt. Cenis in the Alps<br>buried St. Denis, France<br><br>father:<br><strong>*Louis I &quot;The Pious&quot; Holy Roman Emperor<br></strong>born August 0778 Casseneuil, France<br>died 20 June 0840 Near, Ingelheim, Rhinehessen, Hesse<br>buried Cath&acirc;edrale d&#39;Aachen, Aachen, Rheinland, Germany<br><br>mother:<br><strong>*Judith Princess of Bavaria<br><br></strong>siblings:<br><strong>*Gisela Princess of France and the West<br></strong>born about 0818 Frankfurt, Hesse, Nassau, Germany died 1 July 0874<br><strong>*Adelaide de Aquitane<br></strong>born between 822 &amp; 824 Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, France<br>died Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, France<br><br>spouse (1st):<br><strong>*Ermentrude (Irmtrud) Countess of Orleans<br></strong>born 27 September 0830 Orl&acirc;eans, Neustria<br>died 6 October 0869<br>buried St. Denis, France<br>married 13 December 0842 Crecy, France<br><br>children (from 1st marriage):<br><strong>*Ermentrud (Hersent) Princess of France Duchess of Loraine<br></strong>born about 0854 France<br><strong>Carloman Prince of France</strong>&nbsp;born about 0845/6 France died 0876 Epternac,France<br><strong>Charles King of Aquitane</strong>&nbsp;born 0847 France died 29 September 0865 Buzan&eth;cais, France<br><strong>*Louis II &quot;The Stammerer&quot; King of France</strong>&nbsp;born 1 November 0843 France died 10 April 879 Compi&aacute;egne, Neustria<br><strong>Hildegarde Princess of France</strong>&nbsp;born about 0856 France<br><strong>*Rotrude (Rothilde?) Princess of France</strong>&nbsp;born 0843 France died 0889/0912<br><strong>Gis&aacute;ele Princess of France</strong>&nbsp;born about 0858 France died 1 Jul 0874<br><strong>*Judith Princess of France&nbsp;</strong>born 0844 France died after 0870<br><strong>Lothaire Prince of France</strong>&nbsp;born about 0847 France died 0865<br><br>spouse (2nd):<br><strong>*Richeut (Richardis) Countess of Metz<br></strong>married 25 November 0870<br><br>children (from 2nd marriage):<br><strong>*Rothilde of Neustria</strong>&nbsp;born about 0871 died about 22 March 0928<br><br>biographical and/or anecdotal:<br><strong>Charles &quot;The Bald&quot;</strong>&nbsp;(b. June 13, 823 - d. Oct. 6, 877, Brides-les-Bain, France) king of France (i.e.francis Occidentalis, the West Frankish kingdom) from 843 to 877 and Western emperor from 875 to 877. (He is reckoned as Charles II both of the Holy Roman Empire and of France.)&nbsp;<br>Son of the emperor Louis I the Pious and his second wife, Judith, Charles was the unwitting cause of violent discord when, in 829, he was granted lands by his father, Louis&#39;s action precipitated a series of civil wars, lasting until 838, in which the three sons of his first marriage, Lothair I, Louis (the German), and Pepin, strove to maintain or to increase the rights that they had been guaranteed by the succession settlement of 817, the &quot;Ordination imperii). Pepin died in 838, but after the death of Louis I in 840 the civil war resumed and continued until Louis the German joined with Charles to force Lothair to accept the Treaty of Verdun in 843, by which Charles received all the lands west of a line roughly following the Scheldt, the Meuse, the Saone, the eastern mountains of the Massif Central, and the lower reaches of the Rhone, and Louis the German and Lothair received respectively the lands of the East Franks (Germany) and the middle kingdom, lying between the other two.&nbsp;<br>Until 864 Charles&#39;s political situation was precarious because few vassals were loyal to him. His lands suffered from raids by Northmen, who fled only after receiving bribes; he was defeated by the Bretons and in 858, faced an invasion by Louis the German. Yet he succeeded in gaining control of Aquitaine after the capture of Pepin&#39;s son in 864; and, by the Treaty of Meersen (870) with Louis the German, he received western Lorraine.&nbsp;<br>When Lothair&#39;s son, the emperor Louis II, died in 875, Charles went to Italy and was crowned emperor in December 25 by pope John VIII. In 876, after the death of Louis the German. Charles invaded Louis&#39;s possessions but was defeated at Andernach by Louis&#39;s son Louis the Younger. Charles&#39;s death in the next year occurred when another son of Louis the German, Carloman, was marching against him and when his own major vassals were in revolt.&nbsp;<br>During Charles&#39;s reign some of the splendors of the Carolingian renaissance were revived, and his close collaboration with the church enhanced his prestige and authority. (Britannica)&nbsp;</span>

  • Story: Carolus II Calvus, Empereur Auguste

    Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste also went by the name of Charles II &quot;the Bald&quot; of France.<sup>8</sup> Also called Karl II &quot;der Kahle&quot; von Frankreich German.<sup>9,10</sup> He was born on 13 June 823 at Frankfurt-am-Main, Hessen, Germany.<sup>6</sup> He was the son of Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste and Judith, Fr&auml;nkische K&ouml;nigin.<sup>5,6,7</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was given the Aquitaine kingdom by his father on his older brother, Pepin&#39;s death, but the magnates rose up and proclaimed Pepin II, the son of the dead king in 838.<sup>1</sup> He was the successor of Hlothar I, empereur auguste; King of the Franks, restored.<sup>11</sup> Oath of Strasbourg: Louis II the German and Charles II the Bald affirmed their alliance against elder brother, Lothair I. In 842.<sup>1</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste married Ermentrudis <span>d&#39; Orl&eacute;ans</span>, daughter of Eudes, comte d&#39; Orl&eacute;ans and Ingeltrud, Gr&auml;fin von Orleans, on 13 December 842 at Quierzy; His 1st.<sup>12</sup> The Treaty of Verdun: The empire was divided into three kingdoms arranged along a north-south axis: Francia Orientalis was given to Louis, Francia Media to Lothair, and Francia Occidentalis to Charles the Bald. The three kings were equal among themselves. Lothair kept the imperial title, but it had completely lost its universal character and had meaning only in a portion of the old empire. In 843.<sup>1</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste succeeded Lothar I, his brother, to the throne of the West Franks in 843. He was a witness where Graf im Gau Ponthieu Rudolf I <span>des Franken</span> a supporter of his nephew, King Charles II the Bald of France, who appointed him Count in the Ponthieu Valley after 843.<sup>9</sup> King of the West Franks at Frankish Empire between 843 and 877.<sup>11</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona supported by the French King, Charles the Bald, in 844.<sup>13</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste witnessed the marriage of Tertulle, comte d&#39;Anjou and Petronille <span>(?)</span>.<sup>14,15</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Torquatius <span>de Rennes</span> was made forester of the forest called Blackbird&#39;s Nest by Charles the Bald of France. Styled <strong><em>par la gr&acirc;ce de Dieu, roi, depuis, empereur auguste.</em></strong> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the successor of Hlothar II, roi de Lotharingie; King of Lotharingia.<sup>16</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the successor of Hludowic II &quot;le Jeune&quot;, empereur auguste; Imperator Augustus.<sup>11,1</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the successor of Hludowic II &quot;le Jeune&quot;, empereur auguste; King of Italy.<sup>1,11</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste witnessed the marriage of Boudewijn I &quot;de IJzeren Arm&quot;, Markgraaf van Vlaanderen and Judith, Queen of England in December 862 at Auxerre, Yonne, France; Her 3rd (widow of two English Kings). From this union descend the Counts of Flanders.<sup>17,18,19,20</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Boudewijn I &quot;de IJzeren Arm&quot;, Markgraaf van Vlaanderen made &quot;Marchio Flandriae&quot; by his new father-in-law, Charles II, in 864.<sup>1</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Robert I &quot;le Fort&quot;, duc de France controlled Maine, Anjou, and the Breton March for Charles the Bald, clearly having become the de facto ruler of Neustria (the lands between the Seine and the Loire) before 866. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis <span>d&#39; Orl&eacute;ans</span> were divorced in 867; Separated.<sup>12</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Wulgrin I, comte d&#39; Angoul&ecirc;me &amp; de Perigord served as Count of the Palace for King Charles &quot;the Bald&quot; of France. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was proclaimed, by the people and the magnates, emperor and Augustus when he invaded Lorraine and thus becaming ruler of two kingdoms in 869.<sup>1</sup> He was a witness where Wulgrin I, comte d&#39; Angoul&ecirc;me &amp; de Perigord appointed by Charles the Bald as count of Angoul&eacute;me and P&eacute;rigord, as perhaps Saintonge as well, in 869.<sup>21</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste married Richildis <span>de Provence</span>, daughter of Balduin, Graf von Metz and Richardis <span>von Arles</span>, on 12 October 869; His 2nd (widower).<sup>22</sup> The Treaty of Meersen: Northern Lotharingia divided by East and West Frankish Kingdoms (and Charlemagne&#39;s city, Aachen, becomes forevermore German) in 870. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste married Richildis <span>de Provence</span>, daughter of Balduin, Graf von Metz and Richardis <span>von Arles</span>, on 22 January 870 at Aachen, Germany; Validated.<sup>22</sup> Annales Xantenses 871: <em>&quot;Karolus, rex Galliae, regnum quondam Lotharii cum elatione magna invasit, Aquisgrani palatium consedit , affirmans se totum regnum absque ullius gratia in proprjetatem usurpare velle; quod postea, viris intercurrentibus strenuis, emollitum est, et in pace dispositum.&quot;<sup>23</sup></em> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste succeeded his nephew to the throne of Italy and (officially with papal blessing) to the imperial title in 875. He appeared as the most powerful sovereign in the West, and Pope John VIII arranged for him to accept the imperial crown in 875.<sup>1</sup> He was a witness where Hludowic II Germanicus, roi unable to prevent his brother&#39;s, Charles the Bald, coronation as emperor in 875.<sup>1</sup> King of Italy at Frankish Empire between 12 August 875 and 877.<sup>11</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was received by Pope John VIII on 17 December 875 at St. Peter&#39;s, Rome.<sup>8</sup> He was anointed, crowned, and acclaimed emperor of the Romans on 25 December 875 at Rome.<sup>1,8</sup> Imperator Augustus at Frankish Empire between 25 December 875 and 877.<sup>1,11</sup> He was a witness where Theoderic, comte d&#39;Autun served as Chamberlain for King Charles &quot;the Bald&quot; of France before 877.<sup>24</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste died on 6 October 877 at Mt. Cenis area of the Alps, Brides-les-Bain, France, at age 54 years, 3 months and 23 days. He died while on the return trip from a failed expedition he had organized to help the Pope.<sup>1,6</sup> He was a witness where Carloman, roi seized Italy on his uncle Charles the Bald&#39;s death and intended to take the imperial title but ill health forced him to abandon the plans.<sup>1</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Hludowic II &quot;le B&egrave;gue&quot;, roi; King of the West Franks.<sup>11</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Carloman, roi; King of Italy.<sup>11</sup> Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was buried in the Basilica of St. Denis, Paris, France. Family 1Ermentrudis <span>d&#39; Orl&eacute;ans</span> b. 27 October 830, d. 6 October 869Children<div><ul><li>Judith, Queen of England<strong>+</strong> b. c 844, d. a 870<sup>25,5,18,26,22</sup> </li><li>Hludowic II &quot;le B&egrave;gue&quot;, roi<strong>+</strong> b. 1 Nov 846, d. 10 Apr 879<sup>17,27</sup> </li><li>Carolus &quot;l&#39; Enfant&quot;, roi des Aquitains b. bt 847 - 848, d. 29 Sep 866<sup>17,27</sup> </li><li>Carloman &quot;l&#39; Aveugle&quot; <span>des Francs</span> Occidental b. c 849?, d. bt 877 - 878<sup>17</sup></li></ul></div>Family 2Richildis <span>de Provence</span> b. circa 1 August 850, d. between 910 and 914Child<div><ul><li>Rothildis <span>des Francs</span> Occidental<strong>+</strong> b. c 871, d. bt 928 - 929<sup>28,29</sup></li></ul></div><div>Citations<ol><li>[S172] Various <em>Encyclopaedea Britannica</em>. </li><li>[S204] Roderick W. Stuart, <em>RfC</em>, 171-39, 250-39. </li><li>[S206] With additions and corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. and assisted by David Faris Frederick Lewis Weis, <em>Weis: AR 7th ed.</em>, 49-16, 148-15. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, tableau 5. </li><li>[S440] L&eacute;on van der Essen, <em>Deux Mille</em>, Gen Table II: De Charlemagne a Philippe le Bon. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 301. </li><li>[S269] C. W. Previt&eacute;-Orton <em>sCMH I</em>, pg. 336, genealogy table 9, the Carolingian Dynasty (from Charlemagne), a.. </li><li>[S1161] Pierre Rich&eacute;, <em>Rich&eacute;</em>, pg. 201. </li><li>[S970] MGDR, online http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/, Familie der Welfen. </li><li>[S1140] <em>Lexikon 2001</em>. </li><li>[S261] Regnal Chronologies, online http://www.hostkingdom.net/regindex.html </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 307. </li><li>[S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/ </li><li>[S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin d&eacute;chauss&eacute;), <em>Pere Anselme&#39;s Histoire, 3rd Ed.</em>, VI:3. </li><li>[S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin d&eacute;chauss&eacute;), <em>Pere Anselme&#39;s Histoire, 3rd Ed.</em>, I:3. </li><li>[S640] History Files, online http://homepages.tesco.net/~plk33/plk33/history.htm </li><li>[S269] C. W. Previt&eacute;-Orton <em>sCMH I</em>, pg. 336, genealogy table 9, the Carolingian Dynasty (from Charlemagne), France, b.. </li><li>[S484] Peter Townend, <em>B:P, 105th</em>, pg. xlix. </li><li>[S888] ., <em>Dutch Encyclopedie</em>, Vol 3. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 309, Dec 862. </li><li>[S472] <em>South French and Catalan Society</em>, online Citation from this edition may be by URL or by reference to the pagination of the original 1965 University of Texas edition. These page numbers have been inserted into the text, set off in bold face and brackets., pg. 106. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 308. </li><li>[S1188] Various <em>MGH</em>, pg. 234, from Annales Xantensis. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 345. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, tableau 7. </li><li>[S526] Royal Family Trees (of England), online http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/index.htm </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 309. </li><li>[S176] Christian Settipani &amp; Patrick van Kerrebrouck, <em>Capetiens 481-987</em>, pg. 312. </li><li>[S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin d&eacute;chauss&eacute;), <em>Pere Anselme&#39;s Histoire, 3rd Ed.</em>, I:69</li></ol></div>

  • Story: CHARLES II 843-877

    <p><strong><span style="color: gray">CHARLES</span></strong><span>, son of Emperor LOUIS I &quot;le Pieux&quot; &amp; his second wife Judith [Welf] (Frankfurt-am-Main 13 Jun 823-Avrieux or Brides-les-Bains, Savoie 6 Oct 877, bur Nantua Abbey, transferred to &eacute;glise de l&#39;abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis</span></em><span> record the birth of &quot;<em>Karolus filius Ludowici</em>&quot; in Frankfurt &quot;<em>Idus</em><em> Iun</em><em> 824</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[223]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Thegan&#39;s <em>Vita Hludowici Imperatoris</em> names Charles as son of his father by his second wife</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[224]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; His father invested Charles as <em>dux</em> in Alemania, Rhetia, Alsace and part of Burgundy at Worms Aug 829, reducing the territory of his oldest brother Lothaire to Italy.&nbsp; This triggered the revolt of his older half-brothers in Mar 830, when they captured their father at Compi&egrave;gne and forced him to revert to the constitutional arrangements decided in 817.&nbsp; His father installed Charles as <strong>King of Aquitaine</strong> in Sep 832, having deprived Charles&#39;s half-brother Pepin.&nbsp; His father restored Aquitaine to Pepin 15 Mar 834 at Quierzy-sur-Oise.&nbsp; His father accorded Charles the land between Frisia and the Seine at the Assembly of Aix-la-Chapelle in 837, Maine and the land between the Seine and the Loire (as well as a royal crown) in 838, and Francia between the Meuse and the Seine, western and southern Burgundy, Provence, Neustria, the march of Bretagne, Aquitaine, Gascogne and Septimanie at the Assembly of Worms 28 May 839.&nbsp; On the death of his father, he became King of the Franks of the West.&nbsp; His brother Emperor Lothaire sought to deprive him of his lands.&nbsp; Charles allied himself with his half-brother Ludwig and together they defeated Lothaire at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye 25 Jun 841.&nbsp; Under the division of imperial territories agreed under the Treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843, he became <strong>CHARLES II</strong> &ldquo;le Chauve&rdquo; <strong>King of the West Franks</strong>.&nbsp; King of Aquitaine in 848, when he deposed his nephew Pepin II.&nbsp; When King Charles II was faced with widespread rebellion, his brother Ludwig II &quot;der Deutsche&quot; King of the East Franks invaded his kingdom in Aug 858 but was defeated 15 Jan 859 in the Laonnais and forced to withdraw.&nbsp; In 865, Charles agreed with King Ludwig II &quot;der Deutsche&quot; the future division of the territories of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia, but on the latter&#39;s death in 869 Charles invaded Lotharingia and proclaimed himself <strong>CHARLES King of Lotharingia</strong> before Ludwig could assert his rights.&nbsp; A settlement was reached at Meerssen in Aug 870 under which Charles received the Meuse valley, Lyonnais, Viennois and Vivarais, declaring himself king of Lotharingia in 869.&nbsp; He was crowned <strong>Emperor CHARLES II</strong> at Rome 25 Dec 875 by Pope John VIII, and elected king of Italy at Pavia in 876</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[225]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis</span></em><span> record the death of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator Prid Non Oct 877</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[226]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The necrology of Reims Saint-R&eacute;mi records the death &quot;<em>III Non Oct</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Karolus</em><em> Calvus</em><em> rex Francorum</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[227]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p><strong><span style="color: gray">m firstly</span></strong><span> (Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec 842, separated 867) <strong>ERMENTRUDIS</strong>, daughter of EUDES Comte [d&rsquo;Orl&eacute;ans] &amp; his wife Engeltrudis (27 Sep [830]-Saint-Denis 6 Oct 869, bur &eacute;glise de l&#39;abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).&nbsp; The <em>Annales</em><em> Bertiniani</em> record the marriage in 842 of &quot;<em>Ermendrud neptem Adalardi comitis</em>&quot; and &quot;<em>Karolus</em>&quot; at &quot;<em>Carisiacum palatium</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[228]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; Nithard names &quot;<em>Hirmentrude, daughter of Odo and Ingiltrud</em>&quot; as wife of Charles</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[229]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; She was crowned in Aug 866 at Saint-M&eacute;dard de Soissons.&nbsp; After she was separated from her husband, she retired to a monastery.&nbsp; The <em>Annales</em><em> Bertiniani</em> record the death &quot;<em>869 II Non Oct in monasterio Sancti Dyonisii</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Hyrmentrudem uxorem suam [=Karoli]</em>&quot; and her burial at Saint-Denis</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[230]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The <em>Obituaire</em><em> de Notre-Dame</em><em> de Paris</em> records the death &quot;<em>Non Oct</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Irmentrudis regina uxor Caroli</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[231]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death &quot;<em>Non Oct</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Hirmentrudis regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[232]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p><strong><span style="color: gray">m secondly</span></strong><span> (12 Oct 869, confirmed Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan 870) <strong>RICHILDIS</strong>, daughter of comte BUVIN &amp; his wife --- d&#39;Arles (-[30 Jan] [910 or after]).&nbsp; The <em>Annales Bertiniani</em> record the marriage &quot;<em>869 VII Id Oct</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>sororem&hellip;Bosonis&hellip;Richildem</em>&quot; and King Charles II</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[233]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; She was crowned empress at Tortona in Lombardy by Pope John VIII in 877.&nbsp; &ldquo;<em>Richildis quondam regina</em>&rdquo; donated property, among which &ldquo;<em>in pago Gerbercinse in Langeii villa</em>&rdquo;, to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 910</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[234]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The necrology of Reims Saint-R&eacute;mi records the death &quot;<em>III Kal Feb</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>RICHILDIS</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[235]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p><span>Emperor Charles II</span><span> &amp; his first wife had nine children:</span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>1.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">JUDITH</span></strong><span> ([844]-after 870).&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Genealogica</span></em><em><span> Arnulfi Comitis</span></em><span> names (in order) &quot;<em>Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam</em>&quot; as the four daughters of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;, specifying that she married &quot;<em>Balduinus comes</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[236]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The <em>Annales Bertiniani</em> record the betrothal in Jul 856 of &quot;<em>Iudith filiam Karli regis</em>&quot; and &quot;<em>Edilvulf rex occidentalium Anglorum</em>&quot; after the latter returned from Rome and their marriage &quot;<em>Kal Oct in Vermaria palatio</em>&quot;, during which &quot;<em>Ingmaro Durocortori Remorum episcopo</em>&quot; set a queen&#39;s diadem on her head</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[237]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Her first husband placed her &quot;by his own side on the regal throne&quot;, contrary to normal practice in the kingdom of Wessex</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[238]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>The <em>Annales Bertiniani</em> record the marriage of &quot;<em>Iudit reginam</em>&quot; and &quot;<em>Adalboldus filius eius [=Edilvulf regis]</em>&quot; in 858 after the death of her first husband</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[239]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Asser</span><span> records that when King &AElig;thelwulf was dead, his son &AElig;thelbald married Judith daughter of Charles king of the Franks &quot;contrary to God&#39;s prohibition and the dignity of a Christian, contrary also to the custom of all the pagans&hellip;and drew down much infamy upon himself&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[240]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>The <em>Annales</em><em> Bertiniani</em> record that Judith returned to her father after the death of her second husband, lived at Senlis &quot;<em>sub tuitione paterna</em>&quot;, and from there was abducted by &quot;<em>Balduinum comitem</em>&quot; with the consent of her brother Louis, her father consenting to the marriage the following year</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[241]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Flodoard names &quot;<em>Balduini comitis et Iudita&hellip;Karoli regis filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[242]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><strong><span style="color: gray">m firstly</span></strong><span> (Verberie-sur-Oise, near Senlis 1 Oct 856) as his [second/third] wife, <strong><span style="color: gray">&AElig;THELWULF King of Wessex</span></strong>, son of ECGBERT King of Wessex &amp; his wife Redburga --- </span><span>([795/800]-13 Jan 858, bur Winchester)</span><span>.&nbsp; <strong><span style="color: gray">m secondly</span></strong> (858) <strong><span style="color: gray">&AElig;THELBALD King of Wessex</span></strong>, son of &AElig;THELWULF King of Wessex &amp; his [second] wife Osburga --- </span><span>(-20 Dec 860, bur Sherborne)</span><span>.&nbsp; <strong><span style="color: gray">m thirdly</span></strong> (Auxerre 13 Dec 862) <strong><span style="color: gray">BAUDOUIN I Count of Flanders</span></strong>, son of ODACRE [Audacer/Odoscer] Graf van Harlebeek &amp; his wife --- ([837/840]-Arras 879, bur Abbaye de Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>2.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">LOUIS</span></strong><span> (1 Nov 846-Compi&egrave;gne 10 Apr 879, bur Compi&egrave;gne, &eacute;glise coll&eacute;giale Saint-Corneille).&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Genealogica</span></em><em><span> Arnulfi Comitis</span></em><span> names (in order) &quot;<em>Hludovicum</em><em> Karolum Karlomannum</em><em> et Hlotharium</em>&quot; as the four sons of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[243]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; He succeeded his father in 877 as <strong>LOUIS II</strong> &quot;le B&egrave;gue&quot; <strong>King of the West Franks</strong>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="margin-: 1cm"><span>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>see below</strong>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>3.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">CHARLES</span></strong><span> ([847/48]-near Buzan&ccedil;ais, Indre 29 Sep 866, bur Bourges, &eacute;glise de Saint-Sulpice).&nbsp; </span><span>The <em>Genealogica</em><em> Arnulfi Comitis</em> names (in order) &quot;<em>Hludovicum</em><em> Karolum Karlomannum</em><em> et Hlotharium</em>&quot; as the four sons of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[244]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; Elected <strong>King of Aquitaine</strong> in Oct 855 at Limoges, and crowned.&nbsp; His residence was at Bourges.&nbsp; He married against the wishes of his father, and was deprived of his titles in 863.&nbsp; He was restored as king of Aquitaine in 865.&nbsp; </span><span>The <em>Annales Bertiniani</em> record the death &quot;<em>866 III Kal Oct in villa secus Bosentiacas</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Karoli filius Karolus et Aquitanorum rex</em>&quot; two years after suffering severe brain injuries, and his burial &quot;<em>in ecclesia sancti Sulpitii apud Biturigum</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[245]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The <em>Chronico Floriacensi</em> records that </span><span>&quot;<em>duo filii illius [Karolo Ludovici filio]&hellip;Hlotharius Abbas et Karolus Rex Aquitanorum</em>&quot; died in 866</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[246]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><strong><span style="color: gray">m</span></strong><span> (862, annulled 863) as her second husband, ---, widow of <strong>HUMBERT Comte</strong> [de Bourges], daughter of ---.&nbsp; The <em>Annales</em><em> Bertiniani</em> record the marriage in 862 of &quot;<em>Karolus rex Aquitannorum, Karoli regis filius</em>&quot; and &quot;<em>relictam Humberti comitis</em>&quot;, on the advice of &quot;<em>Stephani</em>&quot; against the will of his father</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[247]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>4.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">CARLOMAN</span></strong><span> (-[877/78]).&nbsp; </span><span>The <em>Genealogica</em><em> Arnulfi Comitis</em> names (in order) &quot;<em>Hludovicum</em><em> Karolum Karlomannum</em><em> et Hlotharium</em>&quot; as the four sons of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[248]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; &quot;<em>Carlomannum</em>&quot; is named son of King Charles by Folcuin, who specifies that his father installed him as abbot &quot;<em>Laubiensi</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[249]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>The <em>Annales</em><em> Bertiniani</em> record that &quot;<em>Karlus rex Karlommanum filium suum</em>&quot; was tonsured in 854</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[250]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Abb&eacute;</span><span> de Saint-M&eacute;dard</span><span> at Soissons 860.&nbsp; He conspired against his father, was imprisoned at Senlis and deprived of his abbeys in 870.&nbsp; He escaped to Belgium.&nbsp; He was rejected by the church by judgment of the bishops meeting at Senlis in 873.&nbsp; His father had him blinded and imprisoned at the monastery of Corbie in 873.&nbsp; He fled to Ludwig II &quot;der Deutsche&quot; King of the East Franks.&nbsp; He was sent to Luxembourg where he became Abbot of Echternach in 874</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[251]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>5.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">LOTHAIRE</span></strong><span> (-14 Dec 865).&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Genealogica</span></em><em><span> Arnulfi Comitis</span></em><span> names (in order) &quot;<em>Hludovicum</em> <em>Karolum Karlomannum</em><em> et Hlotharium</em>&quot; as the four sons of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[252]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; He was lame from birth.&nbsp; The <em>Annales Bertiniani</em> record that &quot;<em>Karlus rex filium Lotharium claudum</em>&quot; became a monk &quot;<em>in monasterio Sancti Iohannis</em>&quot; in 861</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[253]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; He became a monk at the abbey of Moutier Saint-Jean in 861.&nbsp; Abb&eacute; de Saint-Germain at Auxerre</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[254]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The <em>Chronico Floriacensi</em> records that </span><span>&quot;<em>duo filii illius [Karolo Ludovici filio]&hellip;Hlotharius Abbas et Karolus Rex Aquitanorum</em>&quot; died in 866</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[255]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; One necrology of Saint-Germain d&acute;Auxerre records the death &quot;<em>XIX Kal Jan</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>domni Lotharii abbatis</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[256]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>6.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">HILDEGARDIS</span></strong><span>.&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Genealogica</span></em><em><span> Arnulfi Comitis</span></em><span> names (in order) &quot;<em>Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam</em>&quot; as the four daughters of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[257]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>7.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">ERMENTRUDIS</span></strong><span> (-after 11 Jul 877).&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Genealogica</span></em><em><span> Arnulfi Comitis</span></em><span> names (in order) &quot;<em>Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam</em>&quot; as the four daughters of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[258]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The <em>Historia</em><em> Monasterii Hasnonensis</em> names &quot;<em>Ermentrudis imperatrix et regina cum filia Ermendtrude</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[259]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; Abbess of Hasnon near Douai 11 Jul 877.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>8.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">GISELA</span></strong><span>.&nbsp; The </span><em><span>Genealogica</span></em><em><span> Arnulfi Comitis</span></em><span> names (in order) &quot;<em>Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam</em>&quot; as the four daughters of &quot;<em>Karolus imperator&hellip;ex Hyrmentrudi regina</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[260]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>9.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>[<strong><span style="color: gray">ROTRUDIS</span></strong> ([850]-).&nbsp; Settipani names Rotrudis as the daughter of King Charles II but appears to base this on her being named as such in the <em>Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis</em></span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[261]</span></span></span></span><span>, but this does not appear to be the case.&nbsp; Flodoard names &quot;<em>Rotrudi</em>&quot; when recording her election as abbess of &quot;<em>monasterii Sanct&aelig; Crucis et Sanct&aelig; Radegundis</em>&quot; but does not give her parentage</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[262]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; Abbess of Sainte-Rad&eacute;gonde at Poitiers 868-870.]&nbsp; </span></p><p><span>Emperor Charles II</span><span> &amp; his second wife had five children</span><span>:</span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>10.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="color: gray">ROTHILDIS</span></strong><span> ([871]-22 Mar 929).&nbsp; </span><span>Charles III &quot;le Simple&quot; King of the West Franks confirmed donations of property &quot;<em>in comitatu quoque C&oelig;nomannico</em>&quot; made by &quot;<em>Hugo comes et mater sua Rothildis</em>&quot;, at the request of &quot;<em>genitrix nostra Adeleidis et&hellip;comes Hugo consanguineus, necnon et&hellip;comes Ecfridus</em>&quot; by charter dated 1 Nov 900</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[263]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The charter dated 929 subscribed by &quot;<em>Hugonis comitis filii Rotgerii comitis</em>&quot; suggests that Rothildis must have been the wife of Roger</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[264]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; Flodoard names &quot;<em>Rothildis, amit&aelig; su&aelig; [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis</em>&quot; when recording that the king deprived her of &quot;<em>abbatiam&hellip;Golam</em>&quot; [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Haganon, the context dictating that &quot;<em>Hugonis</em>&quot; was &quot;<em>Hugo</em><em> filius Rotberti</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[265]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; As the paternal aunt of King Charles III, chronology determines that she must have been the daughter of her father&#39;s second marriage, although no source has so far been identified which states this to be the case.&nbsp; </span><span>She a</span><span>cquired the monasteries of Chelles, and Notre-Dame and Saint-Jean at Laon.&nbsp; She retreated to Chelles in 922 but was deprived of the monastery by her nephew Charles III &quot;le Simple&quot; King of the West Franks in favour of his favourite Haganon, an event which led to the rebellion of Robert Marquis en Neustrie who was the father of Rothilde&#39;s son-in-law (Hugues, later &quot;le Grand&quot; Duc des Francs)</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[266]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; Her death is dated to late 928/early 929 as Flodoard names &quot;<em>Rothildis&hellip;nuper defunct&aelig;</em>&quot; when recording that &quot;<em>Heribertus et Hugo comites</em>&quot; (specifying that &quot;<em>Hugo</em>&quot; was &quot;<em>gener ipsius Rothildis</em>&quot;) attacked &quot;<em>Bosonem</em><em> Rodulfi regis</em><em> frater</em>&quot; in 929 over the property of Rothilde</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[267]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; This is also the only source so far identified from which her marriage is deduced.&nbsp; The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr&eacute;s records the death &quot;<em>XI Kal Apr</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Rothildis abbatisse et monache filia regis magni Karoli</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[268]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death &quot;<em>XI Kal Mar</em>&quot; of &quot;<em>Rotildis abbatissa</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[269]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; These entries could refer alternatively to Rothildis, daughter of Emperor Charlemagne, but it is more likely that the former entry would have referred to her father as &quot;<em>imperator</em>&quot; if that was the case.&nbsp; </span><strong><span style="color: gray">m</span></strong><span> ([890]) <strong>ROTGER</strong> [Roger] Comte, nephew of [HUGUES Comte de Bourges], son of --- (-before I Nov 900).&nbsp; Comte du Maine 897.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>11.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>DROGO ([872/73]-[873/74], bur Abbaye de Saint-Amand, Flanders).&nbsp; The <em>Chronico Floriacensi</em> records the birth and death of </span><span>&quot;<em>de Caroli</em><em> Carolus&hellip;rex&hellip;Pippinus&hellip;simulque Drogo</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[270]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Twin with Pepin.</span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>12.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>PEPIN ([872/73]-[873/74], bur Abbaye de Saint-Amand, Flanders).&nbsp; The <em>Chronico Floriacensi</em> records the birth and death of </span><span>&quot;<em>de Caroli</em><em> Carolus&hellip;rex&hellip;Pippinus&hellip;simulque Drogo</em>&quot;</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[271]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span><span>Twin with Drogo.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>13.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>son (23 Mar 875-soon after).&nbsp; The <em>Annales</em><em> Bertiniani</em></span><span> record</span><span> that in 875 &quot;</span><em><span>Richildis uxor eius [=Karoli]</span></em><span>&quot; gave birth to a child &quot;<em>noctu ante quartam feriam pasch&aelig;</em>&quot; which died immediately after being baptised</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[272]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-indent: -1cm; margin-: 1cm"><span>14.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>CHARLES</span><span> (10 Oct 876-877 before 7 Apr, bur &eacute;glise de l&#39;abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).&nbsp; The <em>Annales Bertiniani</em></span><span> record</span><span> the death in early 877 of &quot;</span><em><span>filius eius [=Karoli]&hellip;Karolus</span></em><span>&quot; and his burial at Saint-Denis</span><span><span style="font-size: 9pt"><span><span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt">[273]</span></span></span></span><span>.&nbsp;</span></p>

  • Story: Charles The Bald

    <p><strong>Charles the Bald</strong><sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup> (13 June 823 &ndash; 6 October 877), Holy Roman Emperor (875&ndash;877, as <strong>Charles II</strong>) and King of West Francia (840&ndash;877, as <strong>Charles II</strong>, with the borders of his land defined by the Treaty of Verdun, 843), was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith.</p>&nbsp;<span>Struggle against his brothers</span><p>He was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfurt, when his elder brothers were already adults and had been assigned their own <em>regna</em>, or subkingdoms, by their father. The attempts made by Louis the Pious to assign Charles a subkingdom, first Alemannia and then the country between the Meuse and the Pyrenees (in 832, after the rising of Pepin I of Aquitaine) were unsuccessful. The numerous reconciliations with the rebellious Lothair and Pepin, as well as their brother Louis the German, King of Bavaria, made Charles&#39;s share in Aquitaine and Italy only temporary, but his father did not give up and made Charles the heir of the entire land which was once Gaul and would eventually be France. At a diet near Cr&eacute;mieux in 837, Louis the Pious bade the nobles do homage to Charles as his heir. This led to the final rising of his sons against him and Pepin of Aquitaine died in 838, whereupon Charles received that kingdom, finally once and for all. Pepin&#39;s son Pepin II would be a perpetual thorn in his side.</p><p>The death of the emperor in 840 led to the outbreak of war between his sons. Charles allied himself with his brother Louis the German to resist the pretensions of the new emperor Lothair I, and the two allies defeated Lothair at the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye on 25 June 841. In the following year, the two brothers confirmed their alliance by the celebrated Oaths of Strasbourg. The war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Verdun in August 843. The settlement gave Charles the Bald the kingdom of the West Franks, which he had been up till then governing and which practically corresponded with what is now France, as far as the Meuse, the Sa&ocirc;ne, and the Rh&ocirc;ne, with the addition of the Spanish March as far as the Ebro. Louis received the eastern part of the Carolingian Empire, known as the East Francia and later Germany. Lothair retained the imperial title and the Iron Crown of Lombardy. He also received the central regions from Flanders through the Rhineland and Burgundy as king of Middle Francia.</p>&nbsp;<span>Reign in the West</span><p>The first years of Charles&#39;s reign, up to the death of Lothair I in 855, were comparatively peaceful. During these years the three brothers continued the system of &quot;confraternal government&quot;, meeting repeatedly with one another, at Koblenz (848), at Meerssen (851), and at Attigny (854). In 858, Louis the German, invited by disaffected nobles eager to oust Charles, invaded the West Frankish kingdom. Charles was so unpopular that he was unable to summon an army, and he fled to Burgundy. He was saved only by the support of the bishops, who refused to crown Louis king, and by the fidelity of the Welfs, who were related to his mother, Judith. In 860, he in his turn tried to seize the kingdom of his nephew, Charles of Provence, but was repulsed. On the death of his nephew Lothair II in 869, Charles tried to seize Lothair&#39;s dominions, but by the Treaty of Mersen (870) was compelled to share them with Louis the German.</p><p>Besides these family disputes, Charles had to struggle against repeated rebellions in Aquitaine and against the Bretons. Led by their chiefs Nomeno&euml; and Erispo&euml;, who defeated the king at Ballon (845) and Juvardeil (851), the Bretons were successful in obtaining a <em>de facto</em> independence. Charles also fought against the Vikings, who devastated the country of the north, the valleys of the Seine and Loire, and even up to the borders of Aquitaine. Several times Charles was forced to purchase their retreat at a heavy price. Charles led various expeditions against the invaders and, by the Edict of Pistres of 864, made the army more mobile by providing for a cavalry element, the predecessor of the French chivalry so famous during the next 600 years. By the same edict, he ordered fortified bridges to be put up at all rivers to block the Viking incursions. Two of these bridges at Paris saved the city during its siege of 885&ndash;886.</p>&nbsp;<span>Reign as emperor</span><p>In 875, after the death of the Emperor Louis II (son of his half-brother Lothair), Charles the Bald, supported by Pope John VIII, traveled to Italy, receiving the royal crown at Pavia and the imperial insignia in Rome on 29 December. Louis the German, also a candidate for the succession of Louis II, revenged himself by invading and devastating Charles&#39; dominions, and Charles had to return hastily to Francia. After the death of Louis the German (28 August 876), Charles in his turn attempted to seize Louis&#39;s kingdom, but was decisively beaten at Andernach on 8 October 876. In the meantime, John VIII, menaced by the Saracens, was urging Charles to come to his defence in Italy. Charles again crossed the Alps, but this expedition was received with little enthusiasm by the nobles, and even by his regent in Lombardy, Boso, and they refused to join his army. At the same time Carloman, son of Louis the German, entered northern Italy. Charles, ill and in great distress, started on his way back to Gaul, but died while crossing the pass of Mont Cenis at Brides-les-Bains, on 6 October 877.</p><p>According to the Annals of St-Bertin, Charles was hastily buried at the abbey of Nantua, Burgundy because the bearers were unable to withstand the stench of his decaying body. He was to have been buried in the Basilique Saint-Denis and may have been transferred there later. It was recorded that there was a memorial brass there that was melted down at the Revolution.</p><p>Charles was succeeded by his son, Louis. Charles was a prince of education and letters, a friend of the church, and conscious of the support he could find in the episcopate against his unruly nobles, for he chose his councillors from among the higher clergy, as in the case of Guenelon of Sens, who betrayed him, and of Hincmar of Reims.</p>&nbsp;<span>Baldness</span><p>It has been suggested<sup style="white-space: nowrap">[<em>who?</em>]</sup> that Charles was not in fact bald, but that his epithet was applied ironically&mdash;that, in fact, he was extremely hairy. In support of this idea is the fact that none of his enemies commented on what would be an easy target. However, none of the voluble members of his court comments on his being hairy; and the <em>Genealogy of Frankish Kings</em>, a text from Fontanelle dating from possibly as early as 869, and a text without a trace of irony, names him as <em>Karolus Caluus</em> (&quot;Charles the Bald&quot;). Certainly, by the end of the 10th century, Richier of Reims and Adhemar of Chabannes refer to him in all seriousness as &quot;Charles the Bald&quot;.<sup><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup></p><p>An alternative or additional interpretation is based on Charles&#39; initial lack of a <em>regnum</em>. &quot;Bald&quot; would in this case be a tongue-in-cheek reference to his landlessness, at an age where his brothers already had been sub-kings for some years.<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></p>&nbsp;<span>Marriages and children</span><p>Charles married Ermentrude, daughter of Odo I, Count of Orl&eacute;ans, in 842. She died in 869. In 870, Charles married Richilde of Provence, who was descended from a noble family of Lorraine.</p><p>With Ermentrude:</p><ul><li>Judith (844&ndash;870), married firstly with Ethelwulf of Wessex, secondly with Ethelbald of Wessex (her stepson) and thirdly with Baldwin I of Flanders </li><li>Louis the Stammerer (846&ndash;879) </li><li>Charles the Child (847&ndash;866) </li><li>Lothar (848&ndash;865), monk in 861, became Abbot of Saint-Germain </li><li>Carloman (849&ndash;876) </li><li>Rotrud (852&ndash;912), a nun, Abbess of Saint-Radegunde </li><li>Ermentrud (854&ndash;877), a nun, Abbess of Hasnon </li><li>Hildegard (born 856, died young) </li><li>Gisela (857&ndash;874) </li></ul><p>With Richilde:</p><ul><li>Rothild (871&ndash;929), married firstly with Hugues, Count of Bourges and secondly with Roger, Count of Maine </li><li>Drogo (872&ndash;873) </li><li>Pippin (873&ndash;874) </li><li>a son (born and died 875) </li><li>Charles (876&ndash;877) </li></ul>

 
 
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