Adam Berchoven Brouwer
1621-1691
Born: Ho, Ribe, Denmark
Died: Albany, NY, USA
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1621-1691
Born: Ho, Ribe, Denmark
Died: Albany, NY, USA
<ul><li>Adam <span>Brouwer</span> was probably born circa 1620 at Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.<sup>7,8</sup></li><li>He married Magdalena <span class="nps">Jacobs</span> <span class="ns">Verdon</span>, daughter of Jacob <span class="ns">Verdon</span> and Marie <span class="nps">Thomasdr</span> <span class="ns">Badie</span>, at Reformed Dutch Church, New Amsterdam.<sup>9,10</sup>, on 21 March 1645 (Banns 19 Mar 1645) "Adam Brouwer, j.m. Van Ceulen, en Magdalena Verdon, j.d. Van N. Nederl<sup>t</sup>"</li><li>Adam Brouwer died between 22 January 1692 and 21 March 1692 at Gowanus, Kings Co., New York. </li></ul><ul style="margin-: 0px"><li>Also known as Adam Brewer.<sup>11</sup></li><li>Also known as Adam Brouwer Berckhoven (the name he called himself in his will) he is the progenitor of the largest of the three Brouwer families present in 17th century New Netherland. Adam Brouwer and his wife, Magdalena Verdon, had fourteen children reach adulthood, who in turn left at least 97 grandchildren, and more than 350 great-grandchildren. The identity of Adam's own parents and his ancestry is unknown. Claims that Adam is a son of either Pieter Clement Brouwer, or of Frans Sijmonsen Brouwer, are undocumented and unproven. Such claims are apparently based on nothing but a common surname. (See my article “New Insight into the Origins of Adam Brouwer,” <em>New Netherland Connections </em>vol. 13, no.4, 2008).<br><br>In 1641, Adam Brouwer, as a soldier in the service of the Dutch West India Company (WIC), sailed to Brazil on the ship Swol . There he served, for at least some period of time, at Fort St. Louis de Marinhan. The first record of Adam in New Amsterdam is found in February 1645, when he bought a house lot in New Amsterdam from Hendrick Jansen. On the same day he gave Power of Attorney to Guert Servaesz to collect wages on his behalf due from the WIC. Apparently Guert was not successful for in 1646 Adam again gave Power of Attorney, this time to Govert Loockermans, to collect his past due pay. <br><br>We know that Adam was born in Cologne from his 1645 marriage record at the Dutch Church in New Amsterdam. The record calls Adam, "van Ceulen," which in the context of the marriage records of that time, would indicate that he was born in Cologne (now within the borders of present day Germany). In his own will Adam called himself, "Adam Brouwer Berchoven." Berchoven, or variations thereof, were also used on the marriage records of a number of his children, namely Abraham, Nicholas, Rachel, Adam, Jr., and Anna. For a further explanation of “Berckhoven,” please the above referenced article, “New Insight into the Origins of Adam Brouwer.”<br><br>Adam Brouwer and his family have been covered in the past. Published accounts of Adam Brouwer and his descendants begin in 1878 with T.G. Bergen's, "Contributions to the History of the Early Settlers of Kings County, N.Y." (NYG&BR 9(1878):126-9). Fifty-eight years then passed between T.G. Bergen's treatment of Adam Brouwer, and the publication of "Brouwer (Brower-Brewer) Family Notes," by John Reynolds Totten in NYG&BR 67(1936):103-10, 217-29. Bergen and Totten's work were not without errors and in 1938 William J. Hoffman published "Brouwer Corrections" (NYG&BR 69(1938):172-9) to address some inconsistencies. Then, beginning in April 1947, William J. Hoffman published in a series of articles appearing in The American Genealogist (TAG) titled, "Brouwer Beginnings: The First Three Generations of the Adam Brouwer Berchoven Family." It is to date the most complete published treatment of Adam Brouwer's family. The first significant research regarding Adam Brouwer to be published in the sixty years since "Brouwer Beginnings,” appeared in the NYG&BR 138(2007):245-9. The article, "DNA Analysis: Adam Brouwer Berckhoven, Elias Brouwer of New Jersey, and John Brewer of Ohio," by Richard D. Brewer, PhD, Scott Kraus, and William B. Bogardus, laid to rest any thoughts that Adam and his descendants may be closely related to Jan Brouwer, blacksmith, of Flatlands, Long Island. Analysis of DNA samples from known descendants of Adam, and of Jan, has shown that any possible common ancestor for the two could only be found tens of thousands of years ago. The Brewer DNA project, co-administrated by Richard D. Brewer, continues, and can be found at <u>www.familytreedna.com</u> (search for Brewer).<br><br>Adam's most enduring legacy was of course the mill he built at Gowanus, initially in partnership with Isaac de Foreest (who likely supplied the financial backing). Adam probably had the mill built in the early 1650's on land that had been patented to Jan Everts Bout on 8 July 1645. In May 1664, along with other inhabitants of Gowanus, Adam Brouwer petitioned the Governor and Council to have the canal between Red Hook Island and the mainland dredged. This was the first action in what would eventually create the "Gowanus Canal," which today borders the neighborhoods of Red Hook and South Brooklyn on the west and Gowanus/Park Slope on the east. "Brouwer's Mill" is thought to have been the first water mill built in Brooklyn (Breukelen) and the first to have operated in New Netherlands. It appears that the rights to the property were secured by Adam's children as a claim of a "gift" from Jan Everts Bout only after both Adam and Jan Everts Bout were deceased. Some decades before, Adam became the sole owner of the mill business when he bought out Isaac de Foreest's interest for 2,400 guilders payable in grain (wheat and rye at 4 glds., buckwheat and maize at 2 glds. per skepel) with the remaining 400 glds. in wampum. Full rights to the mill property were purchased in 1698 by his two youngest sons, Abraham and Nicholas, from Adam's other heirs. The deed for this purchase is certainly the most useful document found for constructing the family of Adam Brouwer. The deed was not recorded but was later found in the possession of descendants of Garret Brouwer, and has been noted by the early Brouwer family researchers, Bergen, Totten, and Hoffman. Dated 12 Aug 1698 it names Pieter, Matthyas, William, Jacob and Adam Brouwer, Barent Van Tillburg, Matthys Cornelisse, Jesaias Dreax, William Nazareth, William Hilton, Thomas Knight and Peter Hendrix, "all sons and sons-in-law of Adam Brouwer of Gowanus." The above named convey to Abraham Brouwer and Nicholas Brouwer, their two brothers in consideration of £270, the plot on which the mill stands, and the Neck of land and meadows therunto belonging. On the same day, Adam's widow, Magdalena, conveyed her interest in the mill property to Abraham and Nicholas for a separate consideration. During the first decade of the 1700's sons, Abraham and Nicholas, together expanded the mill property and built a second mill, which was then referred to as the "New Mill." In 1706 the two brothers signed an indenture certifying their joint ownership in the mill and other properties. In 1709 the "New Mill" was built, and by two indentures in 1710, the brothers decided to split the properties into separate ownership with Abraham possessing the "Old Mill," and Nicholas, the "New Mill." On 20 June 1712, Nicholas conveyed his mill property to his brother Abraham for the sum of £1200, and by 1719 Nicholas had moved his family from Gowanus, relocating to Fordham Manor, and leaving Abraham as the sole Brouwer still in the milling business at Gowanus. In September 1737, Abraham conveyed to his son Jurie (Jeremiah) Brouwer, the "Old Mill" property, and by a separate conveyance sold to his son Abraham, the "New Mill" property. The mill property remained in the possession of these two brothers through the American Revolution, and in August 1776, the Battle of Long Island, or more appropriately, the Battle of Brooklyn was fought on the mill's doorstep. It was here, and at the neighboring "Old Stone House," that William Alexander (a.k.a. Lord Stirling) and his Marylanders held off the British invasion long enough for Gen. Washington to begin the evacuation of his troops from Long Island. The mill and its stores were ordered to be burned during the retreat. A partially destroyed mill anchors Alonzo Chappel's, 1858 painting, Battle of Long Island. In November 1785, Adolphus Brouwer (son of Jurie [Jeremiah] Brouwer, grandson of Abraham, and great-grandson of Adam) purchased the mill property, as well as all the timbers that had been collected to build a mill, from the remaining heirs of Jeremiah Brouwer. Adolph apparently rebuilt the mill, and on 4 May 1798, Adolph sold the mill and property to John C. Freeke of New York City, for a considerable profit over his own purchase price. One hundred and fifty three years after the property on which the mill stood was patented, Brouwer's Mill became Freeke's Mill. In November 1818, Mary (Elsworth) Brower, widow of Abraham, and descendants of Jeremiah Brower petitioned the U.S. Congress for reimbursement of losses suffered on the mill property during August 1776. They were denied their claim with the reasons that the petitioners waited too long, and that they applied to the wrong jurisdiction (they were told to petition New York State).<sup>12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19</sup></li><li>On 21 Feb 1645, at New Amsterdam, Adam Brouwer assigned and transferred to Guert Servaesz, living at Amsterdam in Papenbrugh alley, his wages earned in the service of the WIC at Marinhan, Brazil. The sum being 189 guilders was to be paid to Guert Servaesz at Amsterdam. This document was then canceled, and was immediately followed by a document, also dated 21 Feb 1645, Adam empowered Guert Servaesz to collect from the WIC, "all such sums of money as are still due to him...earned in Brazil where he received no settlement, having been ordered to proceed to Marinhan. Either this money was not collected, or Adam was owed still more wages from the WIC, for on 21 Sep 1646, Adam granted power of attorney to Govert Loockermans to collect from the WIC, the money he was due for his service at Fort St. Louis de Marinhan.<sup>20</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer is on the roster of soldiers who fought in the Manhattan Indian War from 21 Feb 1645 to 21 Sep 1646. His place of birth given as Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ger. (date of birth not given).<sup>8</sup></li><li>On 21 Feb 1645, "Hendrick Jansen from Jeveren, locksmith, and Adam Brouwer have in love and friendship, in the pressence of the witnesses hereto invited, agreed and contracted about the purchase of a certain house and lot for a garden situated on the island of Manhatans, formerly occupied by Jeurian Roodolf. Hendrick Jansen from Jeveren sells the aforesaid house and lot to Adam Brouwer above mentioned, who also acknowledges that he has bought the same, with all that is fastened by earth and nail, in true and full ownership, on which house and garden Adam shall pay within three months from date twenty-five guilders, which shall be the last payment." Signed AB, the mark of Adam Brouwer, and by Heidreick Jansz. Witnessed by Willem Breidenbent and Pawlus Van der Becke, at Fort Amsterdam before Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.<sup>21</sup></li><li>On 2 May 1645, Adam Brouwer appeared as a plaintiff before the council demanding of Hendrick Jansen, locksmith, delivery of the deed for the house lot he purchased. The defendant stated he was willing provided the plaintiff bind himself for the payment of the account rendered to him. It was ordered that in the deed the house be mortgaged until the defendant was paid.<sup>22</sup></li><li>On 7 Feb 1647, Adam Brouwer was granted a certain lot for a house and garden out of the lot of Hendrick Jansz which was laid out by the surveyor on 2 June 1644. The lot, in New Amsterdam, was next to the lot of Willem Bredenbent.<sup>23</sup></li><li>On 12 Feb 1652, Adam Brouwer, as plaintiff, filed suit against Machiel Janssen, demanding "proof that he had grain to sell, because he, the defendant, would have said so, and that he, the plaintiff, would have taken it from the mill." The council ordered Adam to prove that the defendant said so, or to pay the defendant's expenses.<sup>24</sup></li><li>On 26 Feb 1652, Adam Brouwer was ordered to pay £43 to (___) Kristman.<sup>25</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer's lot in New Amsterdam was mentioned in a conveyance dated 15 Oct 1653.<sup>26</sup></li><li>Adam moved to Brooklyn, where in 1657, "Adam Brouwer of Gowanus" was taxed £6 towards the support of the minister. Adam Brouwer and his wife, Magdalena Verdon, appear on the membership roll of the Reformed Dutch Church of Brooklyn on 12 March 1660. A censure, by certificate to New York, was added under Adam's name and dated 29 Aug 1667. This was later crossed out. Apparently he had been suspected as having leanings towards the Catholic faith.<sup>2</sup></li><li>On 18 Dec 1658, a suit was initiated by Thomas Verdon before the Orphan Master's Court at City Hall, New Amsterdam, "Mr. Paulus Van der Beek appears in the place of Tomas Verdon's son and is (directed), that when Tomas Verdon comes, he is to make a settlement of his wife's (Mary Badies's) estate." Apparently this was not completed, and four years later on 8 Feb 1663, Adam Brouwer (for his wife Magdalena Verdon), Thomas Verdon, and Arien Willemsen (Bennet) again appeared before the Orphan Master's Court and requested action in that Paulus Van der Beek should be ordered to let them have "their father's property." A week later on 15 Feb 1663, their mother Marritie Tomas (Mary Badie) made her deposition before the Orphan Master's Court. The Orphan Master's Court decided that the property and persons were not within their jurisdiction and suggested that the petitioners address themselves to the Director General and Council of New Netherlands. On 1 March 1664, a petition by "Willem Willemsen Bennet, Thomas Verdon, Adam Brouwer, and Adriaen Willemsen (Bennet), coheirs of Thomas (error for Jacob) Vardon, praying that Paulus van der Beecq, husband of said Vardon's widow (Mary Badie), may be obliged to account for their paternal estate." This was followed on 10 May 1664 by a warrent to "Sheriff Hegeman to put Adriaen, William, and Marietje Williamsen Bennet in possession of a portion of their late father's lands, pending their suit against Paulus van der Beecq, their stepfather."<sup>27,28</sup></li><li>He and Magdalena <span class="nps">Jacobs</span> <span class="ns">Verdon</span> were members of at Old First Dutch Reformed Church of Brooklyn, Breuckelen, Kings Co., Long Island, New York, on 12 September 1660.<sup>29</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer witnessed the baptism of Adam <span class="ns">Praa</span> , son of Pieter <span class="ns">Praa</span> and Catharina <span class="ns">Letie</span>, on 6 February 1661 at Old First Dutch Reformed Church of Brooklyn, Breuckelen, Kings Co., Long Island, New York, (sponsors Adam Brouwers & Tryntie Hadders).<sup>30,31</sup></li><li>On 17 Feb 1661, Adam Brouwer, "inhabitant of Goannis and there miller to the water mill," bought out the half interest in the mill held by Isaac de Foreest, burgher of New Amsterdam. Payment was in the form of twenty-four guilders, and two thousand guilders in good merchantable grain, to be paid in two years. Signed by Isaac de Foreest, Adam Brouwer signs with his mark, AB.<sup>32</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer witnessed the baptism of Abraham <span class="ns">Praa</span> , son of Pieter <span class="ns">Praa</span> and Catharina <span class="ns">Letie</span>, on 5 March 1662 at Old First Dutch Reformed Church of Brooklyn, Breuckelen, Kings Co., Long Island, New York, (sponsors Adam Brouwer and Maria Fredericks).<sup>33,34</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer witnessed the baptism of Dirck <span class="nps">Gerritszen</span> <span class="ns">Kroesen</span> , son of Gerrit <span class="nps">Dircksen</span> <span class="ns">Kroesen</span> and Neeltje <span class="ns">Jans</span>, on 23 July 1662 at Old First Dutch Reformed Church of Brooklyn, Breuckelen, Kings Co., Long Island, New York, (sponsors Adam Brouwer and Grietje Jans).<sup>35,36</sup></li><li>On 12 Nov 1668, "An Order for Adam Brower of Breucklyn do grinde for all persons without Exception or distinction," was signed by Gov. Lovelace in response to complaints by the Constable and Overseers of Breucklyn as well as by some of the inhabitants that Adam had refused to grind corn for them "upon frivolous pretences." Apparently this had been an ongoing problem which, since the local constable was unable to correct, had to be referred to the Governor of the Province.<sup>37</sup></li><li>In 1669 a fine of five hundred guilders was levied on Adam Brower's estate.<sup>38</sup></li><li>On 6 Sep 1669, The Presentment of a difference between Adam Brower and his wife of Breukelyn and Gerrit Croessen of the same place about an Assault and Battery came before the Court of Assizes for New York, the principles having been bound over from the Court of Sessions held last at Gravesend. The matter was later referred back to the Court of Sessions.<sup>39,40</sup></li><li>On 18 Aug 1670, Adam Brower, among others, was granted a pass to travel aboard the ship <em>Fort Albany</em>, owned by Jacque Cousseau, bound for England and Amsterdam. He is also recorded on a list of persons aboard that same ship.<sup>41</sup></li><li>On 19 Nov 1670 the Court at New York found that a ten pound fine levied against Gerrit Croosen for assaulting Adam Brouwer's wife, and a ten pound find levied against Adam Brouwer for assaulting Gerrit Croosen were found to counterbalance one another and so were cancelled.<sup>42</sup></li><li>Two mentions regarding Adam Brouwer's mill property are recorded in Kings County Conveyances, Lib.2, with the date of 12 Sep 1698. The first on p.178, "I underwritten doe acknowledge to the requisition of Adam Brewer what I Arent Evertse have written between Adam Brewer and Joh Buys concerning the corner and meadow and the mill is grounded upon what is comprehended in the same I will declare and verifye by oath at all times. Actum in Yorke 17 Juny 1671." (signed) Averts. "This above written testimony was sworn unto by Arent Everson before me." (Signed) Mathias Nicolls, Mayor. On the following page 179 appears, "John Cornelinsse Buys, aged 38 years and Dirick Jansen, aged about 32 years acknowledge they heard John Evertse Bout in the house of John Damon, tavern keeper in Brooklyn, say that he did not give Adam Brewer the above property but Adam Brewer's children." (The statement is not clear). Both sign 20 Aug 1667 in the presence of Peter Janse Schooll and Denys Isaack Van Sartervelt "honest persons." John C. Buys signs by mark and Arent Evertsen is an extra witness for Dirck Janse.<sup>43</sup></li><li>On the 20 Aug 1675 assessment rolls at Breukelen, Adam Brouwer is assessed at 2 polls, 2 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs, 3 sheep, 1 hog, 1 1/2 morgen of valley.<sup>3</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer appeared on the assessment list of at Breukelen, Long Island, in September 1676 assessed 37 14, with 1 poll, 3 cows, 4 sheep and 1 1/2 morgens of valley.<sup>44</sup></li><li>He witnessed the baptism of Adolph <span class="nps">Evertszen</span> <span class="ns">Van Gelder</span> , son of Evert <span class="ns">Hendricksen</span> and Fytie <span class="nps">Adamse</span> <span class="ns">Brouwer</span>, on 14 February 1677 at Reformed Dutch Church, New York City, (sponsors Adam Brouwer en s.h.v.).<sup>45</sup></li><li>On the 1678 list of "Estates of the Inhabitants of Newtowne, Long Island" is listed Adam Bruer, 1 head, 2 cows. Hoffman adds that it was possible that Adam Brouwer owned property there, but that he was probably not an inhabitant. The son, Adam would have been only 16 years old in 1678.<sup>2</sup></li><li>A matter regarding Adam Brouwer appears in the Consistory Minutes of the Flatbush Reformed Church. In August 1679 it is stated that Adam has been under censure "and has been spoken to on various occasions by the consistory of Brooklyn (under whose jurisdiction he lives), and has persistently conducted himself irreverently, and has unto the present postponed his repentance and joining with parties, it was likewise decided that the consistory should give him one more warning and in default of improvement should then proceed to his dismissal." Then on 10 Feb 1780, "Adam Brouwer shall be finally asked if he will surrender his case to the decision of the Honorable Consistory in order to end the disputes with his parties, and, to this end, to appear with them in their meeting. Also whether he still adheres to the Reformed faith. If a negative response is made by him, they shall threaten him with banishment and excommunication and surely also proceed thereto, but not without the knowledge and approval of the Honorable Consistory of New York."<sup>46</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer and Magdalena <span class="nps">Jacobs</span> <span class="ns">Verdon</span> were members of at Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, Flatbush, Kings Co., Long Island, New York, on 30 March 1682 living at Gowanus. Adam is recorded as "under censure."<sup>47</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer appeared on the assessment list of at Breukelen, Long Island, on 26 September 1683 with 1 poll, 1 mill, 3 cows, 1 ditto of 2 years, 2 ditto, 3 sheep, 3 morgens of land, totaling 149.10.<sup>48</sup></li><li>He and Magdalena <span class="nps">Jacobs</span> <span class="ns">Verdon</span> were members of at Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, Flatbush, Kings Co., Long Island, New York, The list of members living at Gowanus is undated, however, it does state that Johannes Christoffelsz died on 22 Nov 1684, so it was recorded at some time after that date. Adam is said to be under censure, and next to Magdalena is the notation, "by certifictate for N.York, 29 August 1707," which is then crossed out. Willem Brouwer and his wife Elisabeth appear next on the record.<sup>49</sup></li><li>Adam Brouwer took the Oath of Allegiance in September 1687 at Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York, as "Adam brouwer, 45 Jeare" (45 years in this country).<sup>50</sup></li><li>His will was dated on 22 January 1691/92 proved 21 March 1692 (on file at the office of the Clerk of the Court of Appeals in Albany). He calls himself "Adam Brouwer Berkhoven inhabitant of ye town of Bruckland, being at present sick a body but fully having his knowledge." His witnesses are named as Henry Sleght, Cornelius Sebring and John Fredricks. Adam leaves his "whole estate moveable and immoveable my wife Magdalena Brewer and my utmost will and desire is that none of my children shall trouble or move their mother during her life." Adam Brower "makes to his eldest sonn Peter Brewer three shillings for reasons that he was disobedient to his father, as also Jacob Brewer and Aeltie Brewer, who for reasons of their disobedience shall not receive a penny from their father Adam Brower, but ye testator bequeath ye land from ye three disobedient children Peter Brewer ye eldest, Jacob Brewer and Aeltie Brewer upon their children ye portion of Peter upon his children, ye portion of Jacob upon his children, ye portion of Aeltie upon her children." Adam names his children as Mathys, William, Adam, Abraham, Nicholas, daughter Mary, Fytie, Helena, Anna, Sara, Rachel, "these eleven children shall have equal portions amongst them, also ye children of ye disobedient children above named they shall also with ye other eleven children equally divided." Adam makes special bequests to Adolphus son of William Brewer "three pieces of eight"; to "Mathys his daughter Magdalena one piece of eight, and Mary her daughter Magdalena one piece of eight. Peter Brewer his daughter Magdalena one piece of eight and his daughter Vroutie one piece of eight, with Fytie daughter Magdalena one piece of eight."<sup>51</sup></li><li>Administration of Adam Brouwer's estate was granted on 15 April 1693 for the estate of Adam Brewer, late of Brooklyn, granted by Gov. Benjamin Fletcher to his widow, Magdalena Brewer</li></ul>
<div><font face="Times New Roman" size="2" color="#000000"><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer Berchoven</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><font size="3"><span> </span>Adam Brouwer was born about 1620 in the city of Cologne, Germany</font></font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[1]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font size="3" color="#000000">.<span> </span>At that time Cologne, founded on the banks of the Rhine River by the Romans in 38 BC as a colony for war veterans, was a free city of the Holy Roman Empire. <span> </span>Nothing is known about Adam prior to his departure for the Americas.<span> </span>There are a number of theories as to his parentage but no definitive evidence exists to support them.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><font size="3"><span> </span>In 1641, Adam Brouwer was a soldier on the ship <em>Swol </em>when it sailed to Brazil for the West India Company Chamber of Amsterdam under command of the merchant Willem de Haes.<span> </span>The <em>Swol</em> carried 75 crew and passengers and was armed with 22 guns.<span> </span>They were probably sailing to the colony of Recife which the Dutch had taken from the Portuguese in 1630 or Fort Orange on the island of Itamaraca.<span> </span>After some time in Brazil, Adam was ordered to proceed to Fort St. Louis, currently Sao Luis, which is on an island off the coast of the Brazilian state of Marinhao.<span> </span>Since the Dutch captured Sao Luis from the Portuguese in November 1641</font></font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[2]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font size="3" color="#000000">, Adam was probably part of the force that captured Sao Luis or was sent there soon afterward.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><font size="3"><span> </span>Adam probably arrived in New Amsterdam aboard the <em>Swol</em> in 1642.<span> </span>When Adam swore his Oath of Allegiance to the British in 1687, he stated that he had emigrated 45 years ago.<span> </span>Ship records show that the <em>Swol</em> sailed from Amsterdam to New Amsterdam and back during 1643</font></font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[3]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font size="3" color="#000000"> and it would have stopped at New Amsterdam during its return voyage in 1642.<span> </span>It’s also possible that Adam was among Captain de Vries’ men when they abandoned Marinhao in May 1644 after the Portuguese retook the colony.<span> </span>These soldiers were sent by Peter Stuyvesant to New Netherlands aboard the <em>Blue Cock </em>in order to reinforce Director Kieft’s troops in their war against the Indians.<span> </span>They arrived in the colony on July 14, 1644.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The first record of Adam Brouwer in New Amsterdam occurs on February 21<sup><font size="2">st</font></sup>, 1645 at which time Adam contracts to purchase a house and garden:</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Contract of sale from Hendrick Jansen to Adam Brouwer of a house and garden on Manhattan Island</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>[141c]<span> </span>On this day, date underwritten, Hendrick Jansen from Jeveren, locksmith, and Adam Brouwer have in love and friendship, in the presence of the witnesses hereto invited, agreed and contracted about the purchase of a certain house and lot for a garden situated on the island of Manhatans, formerly occupied by Jeuriaen Roodolf.<span> </span>Hendrick Jansen from Jeveren sells the aforesaid house and lot to Adam Brouwer above mentioned, who also acknowledges that he has bought the same, with all that is fastened by earth and nail, in true and full ownership, on which house and garden Adam shall pay within three months from date twenty-five guilders, which shall be the last payment.<span> </span>In witness and token of the truth this is signed by the parties and the witnesses hereto invited, in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 21<sup>st</sup> of February 1645.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the AB mark of Adam Brouwer</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Heindreick Jansz</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Willem Breidenbent</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Pauwlus Van der Becke</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Acknowledged before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[i]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">Adam and Hendrick Jansen must have been formalizing an agreement that already existed since the contract states that Adam only has to make one final payment of 25 guilders due in 3 months.<span> </span>Adam was probably getting his finances in order in preparation for his marriage to Magdalena Jacobs Verdon.<span> </span>Hendrick Jansen appears to be a close friend of Adam Brouwer’s since the contract is made with “love and friendship”.<span> </span>In a 1642 deposition, Jansen is noted as a 20 year old soldier for the West India Company who had served in Brazil. <span> </span>He’s from Jever which is in Oldenburg, Germany.<span> </span>It’s possible he served in Brazil with Adam before coming to New Amsterdam.<span> </span>Jansen later moved to New Amstel (New Castle), Delaware around 1662.<span> </span>(</font><strong><span style="color: red">Need source other than Jerry Vandiver email)</span></strong><font color="#000000">.<span> </span>Willem Bredenbent and Paulus van der Beeck were soon to be relatives of Adam Brouwer and will be discussed in more detail later.<span> </span>The property sat back behind the other properties on the corner of the Begun Gracht (Beaver Street) and the Great Highway (Broadway) with a narrow alley way that exited to the south onto the Begun Gracht.<span> </span>“The present Beaver Street, between Broadway and Broad Street, known at this period as the ‘Beaver graft,’ was originally called ‘The Company’s Valley,’ and was the course of a ditch running through the centre of the present street.<span> </span>It is frequently referred to, in the original grants of lots along the Company’s Valley, as ‘the old ditch.’”</font></font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[ii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"></font></p><p style="text-align: center; clear: both"><font><img style="border: 0px" src="dutcheastcropped-custom-size-680-594-brt-54.gif" alt="" width="680" height="437"></font></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><font color="#000000"></font></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong><font color="#000000">Figure <span>1</span> - the patent of Adam Brouwer as shown in Stoke's <em>Iconography</em></font></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On the same day that Adam contracted for the purchase of his house, he also attempted to collect wages in the amount of 189 guilders due to him by the West India Company.<span> </span>Adam initially made an assignment to Geurt Servaessen to collect his wages but this was immediately cancelled and replaced by a power of attorney.<span> </span>Guert appears to be an acquaintance of Adam residing in “The Whalebone” on Papenburg Alley in Amsterdam, Holland.<span> </span>Like Adam, Hendrick Jansen also gave his power of attorney to Geurt Servaessen in 1647 and again in 1648 so it’s possible that the three of them were friends in Amsterdam or were fellow soldiers for the West India Company.<span> </span></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Assignment by Adam Brouwer to Geurt Servaessen of his claim on the West India Company</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>[141a]<span> </span>Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of New Netherland, appeared Adam Brouwer, from Ceulen, a soldier (sailed A<sup>o</sup>. 1641 in the ship <u>Swol</u> to Brazil for the chamber of Amsterdam; his supercargo was Willem de Haes), who in the presence of the undersigned witnesses assigns and transfers in full and free ownership to Guert Servaesz, living in Amsterdam in Papenbrugh alley, his wages earned in the service of the honorable directors of the West India Company, chamber of Amsterdam, at Marinhan, amounting to the sum of one hundred and eighty-nine guilders, which said sum of one hundred eighty-nine guilders he requests the honorable directors to be pleased to pay to the aforesaid Geurt Servaesz at Amsterdam.<span> </span>The said sum having been paid, he, Adam Brouwer, frees the honorable gentlemen from all demands hereafter to be made on that account by himself or any of his heirs.<span> </span>Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 21<sup>st</sup> of February 1645.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the AB mark of Adam Brouwer aforesaid</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Willem Bredenbent</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Pauwlus Van der Becke</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Acknowledged before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">The previous document is cancelled.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Power of attorney from Adam Brouwer to Geurt Servaessen to collect wages due from the West India Company</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>[141b]<span> </span>Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of New Netherland, appeared Adam Brouwer, from Ceulen, a soldier (sailed A<sup>o</sup>. 1641 in the ship <u>Swol</u> to Brazil for the chamber of Amsterdam), who appoints and empowers, as he does hereby, Geurt Servasz, at Amsterdam, [residing] in Papenbrigh alley, in “The Whalebone,” to demand and collect in his name from the honorable directors of the General Chartered West India Company, chamber at Amsterdam, all such sums of money as are still due to him, Adam Brouwer, by their honors [and were] earned in Brazil, where he received no settlement, having been ordered to proceed to Marinham.<span> </span>On payment of said money by the honorable directors, the aforesaid Geurt Servaesz may [in token] of the receipt execute a discharge, which shall be valid, the principal promising to hold valid whatever shall be done in the matter aforesaid by the attorney.<span> </span>The original hereof in the record is signed by Adam Brouwer and the witnesses hereto invited, the 21<sup>st</sup> of February 1645, in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the AB mark of Adam Brouwer aforesaid</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Willem Bredenbent</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Pauwlus Van der Becke</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Acknowledged before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[iii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On March 1<sup><font size="2">st</font></sup>, 1645, Adam was a witness for Symon Woutersz when he assigned his wages due to Seger Teunissen.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Assignment by Symon Woutersen to Seger Teunissen of wages due to Hans Haen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>[142a]<span> </span>Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of New Netherland, appeared Symon Woutersz, of Nus, a soldier, who hereby assigns and makes over to and for the behoof of Seger Teunesz an account [of wages] earned by Hans Haen, from Hessenlandt, in the service of the honorable West India Company, chamber of Amsterdam, amounting to the sum of two hundred and twenty-one guilders, due to him, Symon Woutersz, according to the annexed will, provided that there shall first be deducted from the aforesaid sum what by will is allowed from it to the poor.<span> </span>He, Symon Woutersz, acknowledges that he has been fully satisfied and paid before the execution hereof by the above mentioned Seger Teunesz.<span> </span>In witness whereof this is signed in the record by Symon Woutersz and the witnesses hereto invited, the first of March 1645, in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the X mark of Symon Woutersz</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Cornelio vander Hoykens, witness</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the AB mark of Adam Brouwer, witness</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">Seger Teunissen is dead by 1647</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[4]</font></u></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam Brouwer and Magdalena Verdon published their wedding banns on March 19<sup><font size="2">th</font></sup>, 1645.<span> </span>Adam was shown as being from Cologne while Magdalena is indicated as having been born in New Netherlands.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">March 19, 1645</font></span><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">; Adam Brouwer, jm van Ceulen; Magdalena Verdon, jd van N. Nederlt </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[iv]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">We know that the wedding took place on March 21<sup><font size="2">st</font></sup>, 1645 because of an incident that happened between the Reverand Bogardus and Director Kieft.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On the 21<sup>st</sup> March 1645, being at a wedding feast at Adam Brouwer’s and pretty drunk, you commenced scolding the Fiscal and Secretary then present, censuring also the Director not a little, giving as your reason that he had called your wife a whore, though he said there that it was not true and that he never entertained such a thought, and it never could be proved.<span> </span>Wherefore on the 23<sup>rd</sup> March, we being moved by motives of mercy, and on account of the respect attached to your office instead of prosecuting you, sent you a Christian admonition under seal, which you twice refused to receive.<span> </span>(See Report of the Messenger.)</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[v]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">[</font><em><span style="color: blue">Willem Bredenbent from Cologne had just married Aeltje Braconie, the grandmother of Adam’s future bride, having filed banns on September 4, 1644.<span> </span>Willem was Aeltje’s third husband after Thomas Badie (1606) and Cornelis Lambertse Cool (1615).<span> </span>Willem served as the deputy schout (sheriff) for New Amsterdam under Phillipe de Trieux from 1638 until 1647.<span> </span>Willem and Aeltje moved to Gowanus, Brooklyn about 1650.<span> </span>Paulus van der Beek had just married Maria Thomas, the mother of Magdalena Verdon, having filed banns on October 9, 1644.<span> </span>Paulus was Maria’s third husband after Jacob Verdon () and Willem Adrianse Bennet (de Cuyper) (1636).</span></em><font color="#000000">]</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam and Hendrick Jansen appear to have had a disagreement over the title for the house and garden lot.<span> </span>On May 2<sup><font size="2">nd</font></sup>, 1645, Adam takes Hendrick to court demanding delivery of the deed.<span> </span>The court ruled in Hendrick’s favor.<span> </span>The difference was eventually resolved because Adam did take ownership of the property.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[221] May 2, 1645</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam Brouwer, plaintiff, vs. Hendrick Jansen, locksmith, defendant, about the purchase of a house.<span> </span>Plaintiff demands delivery of the deed. <span> </span>Defendant is willing, provided the plaintiff bind himself for the payment of the account rendered to him.<span> </span>Ordered that in the deed the house be mortgaged until the defendant be paid.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[vi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On September 21<sup><font size="2">st</font></sup>, 1646, Adam again tries to get wages due to him by the West India Company.<span> </span>He gives his power of attorney to Govert Loockermans, a wealthy merchant who often traveled to Holland and was the local agent for the powerful Verbrugge family.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Power of attorney from Adam Brouwer to Govert Loockermans to receive money due him by the West India Company</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>[149j]<span> </span>Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of New Netherland, appeared Adam Brouwer, from Cologne, a soldier who sailed for the Chamber of Amsterdam to Brazil in the year 1641, in the ship <u>Swol</u>, of which ship Willem de Haes was merchant, and who in the presence of the undersigned witnesses appoints and empowers, as he does hereby, Mr. Govert Loockermans, merchant on the ship <u>De Jager</u>, to demand and collect and receive from the honorable directors of the General Chartered West India Company one hundred and eighty-nine guilders, earned by him, Adam Brouwer, of their honors at Fort St. Louis de Merinhan, as appears by the account annexed; on payment of which sum by the honorable directors to the above mentioned Loockmans, he is empowered to give a receipt therefore which shall avail.<span> </span>He, the principal, promises to hold and cause to be held valid whatever shall be done in the matter by his attorney.<span> </span>Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 21<sup>st</sup> of September 1646.<span> </span>The original record hereof was signed by Adam Brouwer and by Adriaen van Tienhoven and Gysbert Opdyc as witnesses.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the X mark of Adam Brouwer, made by himself</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Gysbert op<sup>e</sup> Dyck</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adriaen van Tienhoven<span> </span>both witnesses</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Acknowledged before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[vii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Two days later, Adam’s first child Pieter was baptized.<span> </span>On </font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">September 23, 1646</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Pieter Brouwer baptized at the New York Dutch Reformed Church; sponsors Mr. Paulus van der Beeck, Willem Bredenbent, Aeltje Braconye, Mary du Trieux </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[viii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">Pieter’s sponsors were the husband of his grandmother, his great grandmother and her husband and Mary du Trieux who was the daughter of Philipe du Trieux and Jacquemine Noiret.<span> </span>At this time, Maria (Mary) du Trieux was the wife of Cornelis Volkertsen Viele.<span> </span>Mary was somewhat of a colorful person.<span> </span>She had her first child out of wedlock by Pieter Wolphersen (van Couwenhoven)</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[5]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font size="3" color="#000000"> and had her second child by Cornelis prior to their marriage.<span> </span>She and her second husband, Jan Peeck, ran a tavern in Smit’s Vly near the shore at the foot of Maiden Lane or “Maagde Paatje”.<span> </span>She was eventually fined 500 guilders and banished from Manhattan in 1664 after repeated warnings over her shady business dealings which included selling liquor to the Indians.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[ix]</font></u></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On February 7, 1647, Adam received a patent from the West India Company for the property on which he was currently living.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">GG 167<span> </span>Patent to Adam Brouwer</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span><span>We, William Kieft, Director-General, and the Council on behalf of the High and Mighty Lords, the States General of the United Netherlands, the Prince of Orange and the noble Lords, the Managers of the incorporated West India Company in New Netherlands residing, by these presents do publish and declare that we, on this day the date underwritten, have given and granted to Adam Brouwer a certain lot for a house and garden out of the lot of Hendrick Jansz which was laid out by the surveyor on 2 June 1644; it extends in front along the road from the east end 9 rods <strong><em>(1 Dutch rod = 12 feet)</em></strong>, 2 feet, 2 inches and 7 grains; on the west side 6 rods to the rear of the house along a fence; further on as the fence runs 2 rods, 9 feet, 2 inches; on the west side the length to the rear of the lot is 5 rods, 6 inches; the breadth in the rear or on the north side is 3 rods, 8 feet, one inch and 2 grains; on the east side in length next to the lot of Willem Bredenbent 9 rods, 7 feet, 3 inches and one grain; amounting in all to 61 rods, 5 feet, 8 inches and 3 grains, with the express conditions etc…</span></font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Done at Fort New Amsterdam, 7 February 1647.<span> </span>It is excepted that Hendrick Smith shall have the privilege of passing over the land of Adam Brouwer until the aforesaid Adam shall build on the road and no longer.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[x]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam and Magdalena had their second child, Mathys, in 1649 and had him baptized on May 30<sup><font size="2">th</font></sup> of that year.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">1649 May 30</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer; Mathys; Mathys, Barentje Molenaers (NYDRC)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">The baptismal sponsor was Barentje Hendricks (Molenaers) wife of Gerrit Fullewever the miller or “molenaer”.<span> </span>Gerrit and Barentje lived just west of the Brouwer’s on Broadway.<span> </span>Perhaps Adam learned the miller’s trade by working at Gerrit’s mill.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam’s next child to be born was Wilhelmus.<span> </span>He was baptized on March 5, 1651.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">1651 Mar 05</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer; Wilhelmus; Willem Beeckman, Johannes Marcus,<span style="color: black"> Maria in 't houte paerdt (the wooden horse)</span>, Lysbeth Cregiers (NYDRC)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Willem Beeckman arrived in New Netherlands in 1647 with Director-General Peter Stuyvesant and served as his clerk.<span> </span>He was appointed to the Board of Nine Men in 1652.<span> </span>In 1653 he was made a schepens of New Amsterdam and was eventually sent to New Amstel (Delaware) in the capacity of Vice-Director in 1658.<span> </span>He served as Burgomaster of New Netherlands for nine years and was eventually named Mayor of New York by the British in 1683. </font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Johannes Marcus was the second husband of Elsje Hendricks, resided in Brooklyn as early as 1657 and was one of the founding members of the first church of Breukelen in 1660.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><em><span style="color: red">Adam was apparently operating his mill as early as 1652</span></em><font color="#000000"> as we find the following:</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[17] Monday the 12<sup>th</sup> of February 1652 at Fort Amsterdam, present: the director-general, La Montagne and Brian Newton….</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[21]<span> </span>Adam Brouwer, plaintiff, against Machiel Janssen (<strong>Michiel Janszen Van den berg or Vreeland</strong>), defendant; the plaintiff demands proof that he had grain to sell, because he, the defendant, would have said so, and that he, the plaintiff, would have taken it from the mill.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The director and council order the plaintiff to prove that the defendant said so, or to pay the defendant’s expenses.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[24]<span> </span>[<span> </span>] Kristman, plaintiff, against Adam Brouwer for [<span> </span>] of f43.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The director and council order Adam Brouwer to pay in [<span> </span>] days.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Andries Johan Kristman (dead by 1653)</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam’s fourth child, Maria, was baptized on June 4, 1653.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">1653 Jun 04</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer; Maria; Francois Baschet, Engeltje Jans (NYDRC)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><font size="3"><span> </span><span style="color: black">Engeltje Jans from Bredstedt in Schleswig came with her husband Jan Jansen (Van Breestede) to New Amsterdam about 1636.<span> </span>After the death of Jan Jansen, Engeltje Jans was married on September 1, 1641, to Egbert Woutersen (Wouters) of Isselsteyn (Ysselsteyn, Venray or IJesselstein, Utrecht?).<span> </span>Next door neighbors of Brouwer’s on Beaver Street.</span></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="color: black"><font size="3"><span> </span>The next reference to Adam Brouwer is contained in two land conveyances involving two of his neighbors.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="color: black"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">II 54<span> </span>Conveyance to Abram Pieterse Molenaer from Adriaen Keyser</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Appeared before me, Carel van Brugge, secretary of the High Council of New Netherland, on the day written below, Adriaen Keyser, former commissary in the service of the Chartered West India Company; and declared to have sold and conveyed, by virtue of a power of attorney, to Abram Pieterse Molenaer two houses located on Broadway, heretofore purchased from Abram Pieterse by Paulus Leendertsen when he was quartermaster for the Company, and thereafter sold by the aforesaid Keyser to the highest bidder for the Company’s account; located between Jan Jansen Cuyper (<strong>Jan the cooper</strong>) and Gerret Molenaer (<strong>Gerrit Fullewever</strong>); it is in breadth on the street 4 rods, 4 feet; in the rear along <strong>Adam Brouwer’s lot</strong> 4 rods; in length on the north side 7 rods; on the south side 5 rods, 4 feet, 3 inches etc.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Done at New Amsterdam in New Netherland, 15 October 1653.<span> </span>Sibout Clasen, Pieter Caspers, A. Keyser; in my presence, Carel van Brugge, secretary.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="color: black"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">II 58<span> </span>Conveyance to Dirrick Bensinck from Gerret Fullewever</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Appeared…before us, … Gerret Fullewever; and declared to have conveyed to Dirrick Bensinck a lot located on Broadway between the lots of David Provoost and the aforesaid Fullewever; in breadth in front 2 rods, 7 feet; in the rear 2 rods, 3 feet; in length on the south side 14 rods and 2 feet; on the north side 13 rods, 9 feet; with the above is included herein and measured therewith the lot which Derrick Bensinck has purchased from Adam Brower, being a corner lot in length on the north side 2 rods, 7 feet; in length on the south side 3 rods, 2 feet; etc.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Done at New Amsterdam in New Netherland, 15 October 1653.<span> </span>This is the mark gWh of Gerrit Fullewever; La Montagne, Brian Newton.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">In 1654, Adam purchases his land in Gowanus, Long Island from Teunis Nyssen.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Teunis Nyssen… He also obtained a patent for a plantation and meadows at Gowanus, in the vicinity of Fourth and Fifth avenues and Carrol and President streets, where he at one time resided. The following abstract from a deed or agreement in the possession of Garret Brower, of Gowanus, of Nyssen to Adam Brower, throws light on the location of Nyssen's Gowanus farm: "This 1st day of April Anno 1654, appeared before me Dirck Schelluyne, pub. Notary, &c., Theunis Nyssen, farmer, living in Gouwanes upon the Long Island, & declared the said Nyssen to have granted &c. to Adam Brouwer, the which also appeared & this gift accepted, to wit:--Certain parcell of Bushland (woodland) limeting easterly after (in rear of) his house and land, broad 45 rods (551 f. 3 in.) proceeding to the highway (probably the old road from Gowanus to Brooklyn), and his land so far in the Bush (woods) as ye patent of Thennis Nyssen doth contain (extend); likewise so much ground whereupon Adam Brouwers house is built as ye said Adam for the present hath brought in hedge (fence), & also ye meadows fore (in front) of his house, limiting & proceeding to the East from a small creek in (to) a great creek, & so forth to the Bushland where the meadow doth stop, all laying on Gouwanes aforesaid, for which abovesaid gift the said Adam Brouwer doth promise on ye behalf of ye said Theunis Nyssen to be in his service the time of 18 days in this present month of April, & in the month of April 1655, 18 days, all without any cost of ye said Theunis Nyssen, being ye said Nyssen bound in the month of April 1655 aforesaid, when the last 18 days of service are satisfyed on ye behalf of ye said Adam Brouwer of ye aforesaid land & meadows to deliver lawful letters of possession & transport &c."</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">Birth of Jacobus about 1655.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In 1656, Adam, now residing in Gowanus, sells his Manhattan property to Dirck van Schelluyne.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>19<sup>th</sup> August, 1656.<span> </span>Adam Brouwer, of Long Island, to Dirck van Schelluyne, Notary Public and concierge of the City.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>A house and lot north of the begun Graft, between the lot of Jan the cooper on the west, and Egbert Woutersen on the east.<span> </span>Width in front on the street, with free drop on both sides, 1 Rhineland rod 4 feet 6 inches.<span> </span>Being premises patented to said Brouwer, 7<sup>th</sup> February, 1647. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xiii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Dirck sells the same property to Jacobus Vis a year later.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>22<sup>nd</sup>, August, 1657.<span> </span>Dirck Van Schelluyne, Notary Public, to Jacobus Vis.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>A house and lot north of the begun graft, between lot of Jan the cooper on the west and Egbert Wouters on the east; width in front on the street with free drop on both sides, 1 Rhineland rod 4 feet 6 inches, being premises patented to Adam Brouwer, 7<sup>th</sup> February, 1647.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xiv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>We know who Adam’s Gowanus neighbors were in 1657 from the following tax record:</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Ordinance of the Court of Breuckelen imposing and Assessment on that Town to pay the salary of the Reverend Mr. Polhemius, &c.<span> </span>Passed 7 February; Approved 13 February, 1657.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">…</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The taxed Inhabitants of Gouwanus are these following and undernamed persons:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">William Brendenbent hath voluntarily promised to contribute, ---<span> </span>fl.12</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jan Petersen is taxed, ----------------------------------------------------<span> </span>8</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Barent Bal, in a like sum, ------------------------------------------------<span> </span>8</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Theunis Niesen, -----------------------------------------------------------<span> </span>12</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer, -----------------------------------------------------------<span> </span>6</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Johannis Marcus, ---------------------------------------------------------<span> </span>4</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Mr. Paulus, -----------------------------------------------------------------<span> </span>10</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Total<span> </span><span> </span>fl.60</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">…</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xv]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">Birth of Fytie about 1658.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In June of 1660, Adam is mentioned in suit between Cornelius Jansen Clopper (an ancestor of Teddy Roosevelt) who was a wealthy smith that resided at the corner of Maiden Lane and Hendrick Willemsen the baker who resided in the town of Bushwick, Long Island as early as March 1661.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Tuesday, 15 June 1660.<span> </span>In the City Hall.<span> </span>Present the Heeren Nicasius de Sille, Allard Anthony, Jacob Strycker, Govert Loockermans, Timotheus Gabry, Jacobus Backer.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Cornelius Janzen Clopper, pltf. v/s Hendrick Willem, baker, deft.<span> </span>Pltf. demands fl. 76. 11 stivers from the deft. For iron work at the water mill at Gowanus, which the deft. ordered.<span> </span>Deft. says he has not given order for so much, but only for fl. 27 @ 28.<span> </span>Pltf. says, he stated that he would not work another blow thereon, if he must look to Adam Brouwer, exhibiting certain writing, whereby the deft. bound himself for the money.<span> </span>The Court order the deft. to pay pltf. the fl. 7. 11. as he bound himself for the monies.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In September (March??) of 1660, Adam and Magdalena are listed in the rolls of the founding members of the first Dutch church in Brooklyn.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">1660, Sept. 12<sup>th</sup>.<span> </span>(<strong><em>Bergen’s list in Stile’s says 1660, March 12<sup>th</sup></em></strong>)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Joris Dirckse, elder, represented that he had communicated the letter of thanks to the Rev. Johannes Polhemus, which was very acceptable to him.<span> </span>Domine Polhemus handed to him the following list of members within the jurisdiction of Brooklyn.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Joris Dirkse, Susanna Dubbels, Albert Cornelison, Tryntje Hudders, William Garretse Van Couwenhoven, Aeltje Joris, Peter Montfoort, Sarah de Planck, Jan. Evertse, Tryntje Symons, William Brendenbant, Aeltje Brackunde, Jan Pieterson, Grietje Jans, Teunis Nysser, Femmetje Jans, Adam Brower, Magdalena Jacobs, Johannes Marcus, Elsie Hendricks, Teunis Janse, Barbara Lucas, Jan Jorisse, Jan Hyber [or Hibbov], Guertruut Barents.<span> </span>(25).</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam and Magdalena’s second daughter was born the fall of that same year.<span> </span>She was baptized in Brooklyn on October 31, 1660.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Oct. 31, 1660</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Helena</font></span><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">.<span> </span>Adam Brouwer, Magdalena Jacobs, of the Mill, parents. (BROOK) </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On February 6, 1661, Adam is listed as a sponsor of Adam Praa, son of Pieter Praa and Catherine Lothie.<span> </span>Also listed as a sponsor is Tryntie Hadders (Hudden/Harden), the wife of Albert Cornelissen Wantenear (“the glove maker”), who is shown as residing in Brooklyn near the ferry on the 1657 minister’s assessment.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Feb. 6, 1661</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam, (died 8<sup>th</sup>).<span> </span>Pieter Pra, Catharina Letie, of Creupelbosch, parents.<span> </span>Adam Brouwers, Tryntie Hadders, witnesses. (BROOK) </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xix]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">Pieter and Catherine lived in Cripplebush which is in northern Brooklyn near Bushwick.<span> </span>Pieter was born about 1620 and immigrated to New Amsterdam in 1659 on the ship <em>Moesman</em> with his wife and children.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">PIERRE/PETER PRAA born about 1620; emigrated to America in 1659. He was a Huguenot living near Dieppe, France, and later in Vissingen and Leiden, Holland. There is an entry in the Walloon Church of Leiden membership list dated 12 March 1659 that “Pierre Praet et sa Femme (sont) parti avec temoignage de l’Eglise Wallonne de Leiden”; that is Pierre Praet and his wife departed with letters from the Walloon Church at Leiden. Pierre Prat joined the Walloon church at Leiden in Dec 1645 with letters from Vlissingen (Flushing) Netherlands. Pierre Praa died 6 Mar 1663 at Cripplebush Brooklyn. His first wife, MARIE PHILLIPE, died after February 1651/52 in Holland. His second marriage was to Catherine Lothie; daughter of Abraham Lothie; Catherine married second Joost Casperse Springsteen 10 June 1663 at Brooklyn. </font><u><font size="3" color="#0000ff">http://www.angelfire.com/ny/chickened/praafamily.html</font></u><font size="3" color="#000000"> </font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">Peter Praa, a Huguenot from Dieppe, France resided in Holland for sometime and in 1659 came on the ship Mossman to New Amsterdam with his family consisting of a wife and several children. He settled in Bushwick, Kings County, New Amsterdam, where he died in1663.<br>More About <strong>Peter Praa</strong>:<br>Ship: 1659, Moesman.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><u><font size="3" color="#0000ff">http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/v/o/n/Theodore-E-Von-mechow/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0437.html</font></u><font size="3" color="#000000"> </font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">Sailed from Amsterdam 25 April, 1659 arrived New Amsterdam before 10 Aug. 1659</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">(Church members (added 4-10-1661) in Stile’s has them as Pieter Prae, of Diepe and Catharine Lethie)<span> </span>(also as Kreupel-Bosch)</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">(</font><u><font size="3" color="#0000ff">http://www.angelfire.com/ab6/bwilson61/dat25.html#13</font></u><font size="3" color="#000000"> , Catherina Lethie, b. 1642 Brooklyn, NY, d. aft 1668, m1. 1654 Pieter Praa, m2. June 10, 1663 Brookyn, Joost Caspersen Springsteen)</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">Trientje, widow of Huyck Aertsen van Rossum</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In February of 1661, Adam Brouwer purchased from Isaac de Foreest his half of the Gowanus mill.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Before me Salomon Lachaire, Notary Public, admitted by the Right Honorable the Director General and Council residing at Amsterdam in New Netherland, and the under named witnesses, appeared the worth Isaak de Foreest, burgher of this city, on the one part, and Adam Brouwer, inhabitant of Goannis and there miller to the water mill, on the other part; who acknowledged and declared to have with each other agreed and bargained for the purchase of the just half of the abovementioned water mill, on the conditions and terms following, to wit:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The above named Isaak de Foreest declared to have sold to the aforesaid Adam Brouwer, who acknowledges to have bought from him, the just half of said water mill with its appurtenances, the same as the said Foreest hath purchased them heretofore from said Brouwer, together with all such right of property as the above named Foreest has had therein up to this date; therein placing him the said Brouwer hereby from this time forth in free and clear propriety, desisting from all pretence thereto, promising duly to protect and free him from all after claims coming against it on his account.<span> </span>Therefore the above named Adam Brouwer promises to pay therefore to the above named Foreest or his order, once the sum of twenty-four guilders, two thousand guilders thereof in good merchantable grain, to wit:<span> </span>wheat, rye, buckwheat and maize; it is to be understood that he will be at liberty to pay one eighth part, being two hundred and fifty guilders, in maize – less if agreeable but not more – and one fourth part with buckwheat – more if agreeable but not less – and the remaining two fourths and one eighth part in wheat and rye, skepel for skepel, all at the price that parties have agreed on, to wit:<span> </span>the wheat four guilders the skepel, the rye four guilders the skepel, the buckwheat three guilders the skepel, and the maize two guilders the skepel, and the remaining four hundred guilders in good well-strung wampum, making together the twenty-four hundred guilders abovementioned.<span> </span>The above payments must be made in two full years precisely from the date hereof, without any longer delay, or postponement; but it is expressly conditioned, that in case the purchaser shall please to make any payment before the day appointed in diminution of the aforesaid purchase money, he shall be privileged to delay the same length of time after the appointed day, with the payment of a like sum.<span> </span>And in order to perform and accomplish what precedes, the purchaser hereby binds by special mortgage the aforesaid mill with its appurtenances to be subject to execution on the day appointed for the payment; and furthermore, parties, each in his regard, hereby submit generally their persons and properties, moveable and immovable, present and future without any exception, however the same may be named or wherever lying or wherever the same shall be found, for the effectual performance of what is hereinbefore set down and written, to all courts and judges; all in true and good faith.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Done in the presence of Hendrick Obe and Jan Jorisen Rappalie on the 17<sup>th</sup> February of this year 1661 at Amsterdam in New Netherland Ao. 1661.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">This is the mark AB of Adam Brouwer made by himself.</font></span></p><p style="text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Isaak de Foreest</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Hendrick Obe</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jan Joris Rappalie</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xx]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In January of 1662, Adam was sued by Hans Stein over wheat that was not delivered.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Tuesday, 31 January 1662.<span> </span>In the City Hall.<span> </span>Present the Heeren Pieter Tonneman, Paulus Leenderzen van der Grift, Allard Anthony, Tymotheus Gabry, Pieter Wolferzen van Couwenhoven, Joannes Van Brugh, Jan Vigne.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">…</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Hans Stein, arrestant and pltf. v/s Adam Brouwer, arrested and deft.<span> </span>Pltf. demands from deft. a balance of five skepels of winter wheat according to particulars of a/c.<span> </span>Deft. says, he sent it off, and requests in writing two arbitrators.<span> </span>Burgomasters and Schepens refer the matter in question to Joannes de Peister and Jacob Strycker, both old Schepens of this City, to decide the case of parties, to reconcile the same if possible; if not to render report or their verdict to the Court.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">In 1665, Hans Stein resided on De Waal which was the south side of today’s Wall Street.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On March 5, 1662, Adam sponsored another child of Pieter Praa and Catherine Lothie.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">March 5, 1662</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Abraham.<span> </span>Peter Pra, Catrina Abrahams, of Creupelbuch, parents.<span> </span>Adam Brouwer, Maria Fredericks, witnesses. (BROOK) </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On May 18, 1662, Adam baptized his son Adam in the Brooklyn Church.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">May 18, 1662</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam.<span> </span>Adam Brouwer, Magdalientie Jacobs, parents.<span> </span>Neeltie Jans, witness. (BROOK) </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxiii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>On July 16, 1662, Adam was a baptismal sponsor of Derrick Croesen, son of Gerrit Croesen and Neeltje Jans.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">July 16, 1662</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Dirck.<span> </span>Gerrit Croesen, Neeltie Jans, parents.<span> </span>Adam Brouwer, Grietie Jans, witnesses. (BROOK) </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxiv]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">(Church members (added 5-29-1661) in Stile’s has him as Garrit Dirckzen Crousen, of Wynschoot)</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt"><font color="#000000">Date: Thu Jun 11 06:10:16 1998<br>Name: Doris Lane <br>E- mail: </font><span><u><font color="#0000ff">Croesen2@aol.com</font></u></span><font color="#000000"> <br>Address: 87 Main Avenue 2A Ocean Grove NJ 07756<br>Surname of Immigrant: Croesen<br>Given name(s) of Immigrant: Gerrit Dircksen<br>Name of Ship: <br>Arrival Date: before 1660 </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt"><font color="#000000">Origin of Immigrant: Winschoten, Netherlands<br>Immigrant's Date & Place of Birth: about 1639<br>Immigrant's Date & Place of Death: 7 Mar 1680<br>Immigrant's Spouse: Neeltje Jans Van Huysem (Staats)<br>Source of Information: Croesen Families of America Vol. 1 1998<br>Immigrant's Children: <br>Derrick bap 22 Jul 1662 Brooklyn NY died 12 May 1731Bucks Co PA married 5 Mar 1684 in Manhattan Elizabeth Cregier<br>Elsje born abt 1663 Gowanus resettled poss Piscataway NJ married 9 Oct 1681 Willem Claesz<br>Hendrick born abt 1665 Gowanus died abt 1760 Staten Island NY married abt 1697 Cornelia Corson<br>Catharine born abt 1670 Gowanus died abt 1726 Staten Island NY married Nicholas Bakker<br>Anitje born 16 Sept 1677 married abt 1702 Christian Corson <br>Jan (poss) </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt"><font color="#000000">Notes: Gerrit Dircksen Croesen joined the Brooklyn Dutch Reformed Church by transfer from Winschoten in 1661. He owned a 25 acre farm in the Gowanus Colony. Upon his death in 1680 his widow Neeltje Jans married her neighbor Volkert Hendricksen Bries. On 29 Sept 1677 Gerrit had been granted a 172 acre land patent on the North Shore of Staten Island. His two sons, Derrick and Hendrick, and possibly his daughter Elsje, relocated there. Gerrit's will had burned in a fire at the county clerk's house and a dispute arose in the 1690s between the sons Derrick and Hendrick over the patent. It was settled around 1709 when it was sold. Hendrick bought a neighboring 54 acre farm and Derrick resettled in Bucks County PA.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In February of 1663, Adam and his brother in laws went before the Brooklyn City Hall to ask that they receive their inheritance from Paulus van der Beeck.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Thursday, February 8, 1663, at the City Hall present Messrs. Marten Cregier and Cornelis Steenwyck.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam Brouwer, Tomas Verdon and Arien Willemsen appearing produce an extract from the Record of Resolution of the Court of Breuckelen, dated January 24, 1663, and having been referred by said Court to this Board, as the extract shows, they request, that Master Paulus be ordered, to let them have their fathers property, for which purpose the following order is made:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam Brouwer, Tomas Verdon and Arien Willemsen, all children by previous marriages of the wife of Paulus van de Beecq, having shown an extract from the Record of Resolutions of the Court of Breuckelen, dated January 24, 1663, request, whereas up to date they have not yet received their father’s inheritance, that they may have it from Mr. Paulus van de Beecq, who has hitherto retained it.<span> </span>The Orphanmasters decide, as persons and property are not within the jurisdiction of this City and the power of this board does not extend beyond the limits of the jurisdiction, that therefore petitioners must address themselves to the Director General and Council of N. N.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">Birth of Aeltje about 1664.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In 1664, Adam went before the Council of New Netherland representing his neighbors, asking permission to dredge the kil in Gowanus to allow for easier and safer passage to the mill.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Council Minutes</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>To the Noble, worshipful Director-General and Council of New Netherland.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Respectfully shows Adam Brouwer, in the name of the inhabitants of the Gouwanis and other persons on the Manhattans, that there is a kil between the end of Frederick Lubbertsens land and the Red Hook, which could be turned into a passage to the Gouwanes and the mills, without going round west of the Red Hook, where the water is ordinarily very low; the said kil is now filled up with sand at one end, but with little trouble and labor it can be made navigable by dredging, so that boats, carrying one hundred schepels of grain or a full load of wood etc could pass through it.<span> </span>As your petitioner is aware, that neither he, nor the persons, in whose name he makes this request to your Honors, could presume or undertake to dredge and make the said kil navigable without your Honors’ consent and approval, he humbly requests in the behalf as aforesaid, your Honors will consent and permit, that the kil may be dredged and made navigable as aforesaid at the expense of the petitioners, which would be of great advantage to the inhabitants here and at the Gouwanes and in times of hard weather would apparently prevent disasters.<span> </span>Awaiting your Honors’ favorable decision etc we remain</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Your Honors’ humble subjects</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jan Pyetersen<span> </span>The mark AB of Adam Brouwer</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Gerrit Gerritse<span> </span>Willem Bredenbent</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">The mark of Jann Beus<span> </span>The mark of Willem Willemsen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jacob Teunissen Rey<span> </span>The mark of Petter Jansen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Hendrick Willemsen<span> </span>The mark of Jan Pettersen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jan Gerritsen from Butenhusen<span> </span>The mark of Berent Pettersen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Louwerens van de Spighel<span> </span>The mark of Thomas Verdon</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Hendrick Janse van Feurde</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Isaack de Foreest</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Thomas Lourens</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Received and read the foregoing petition of Adam Brouwer etc and heard at the same Frederick Lubbertsen mentioned therein, as the meadow belongs to him.<span> </span>He declares to have no objection against the dredging of the kill, provided that it shall neither now nor hereafter prejudice his title to the meadow.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The Director-General and Council of New Netherland therefore allow and consent to the dredging of the kill at the expense of the petitioners, saving the rights of Frederick Lubbertsen and others, who may have interests there.<span> </span>May 29<sup>th</sup> 1664.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">Birth of Anna about 1666.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In February of 1667 (possibly 1668), Adam was arrested for making seditious speeches.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">February 1667(-8)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer ordered under arrest for seditious speeches. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Hoffman p. 196</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In August of that year there appears to be some question as to the ownership of the land around the mill.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Aug. 20, 1667</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jan Cornelise Buys and Derick Jansen (Hoogland), on inquiry, declared under oath that Jan Evertse Bout, in the house of Jan Damen, tavern-keeper, stated to them that he had not given unto Adam Brouwer the “place and meadow whereon the mill is grounded,” but that he had given “the place whereon the mill is grounded, and the corne and the meadow,” unto the children of Adam Brouwer. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Hoffman – “This gift appears to have been given verbally and was probably considered void, for by a recital in the deeds of Oct. 10, 1700, and Apr. 30, 1707 (see below under Nicholas) of respectively Pieter Brouwer and Sybrandt Brouwer to Abraham and Nicholas Brouwer (Lib. 3 – p. 201 Kings Co.) it appears that a conveyance had been executed by the heirs of Jan Evertsen Bout and Tunis Nuyse to Adam Brouwer, their ancestor, for the neck of land on which the mill was located.”</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>That same month, Adam was placed under censure by the Dutch Church in Brooklyn.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Aug. 29, 1667</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Brooklyn</span><span style="font-size: 10pt"> Church</span></font><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"> places Adam Brouwer under censure by certificate to New York.<span> </span>(This note was later crossed out). </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxix]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>It appears that in September of 1667 a long running spat between the Brouwer family and their friend Gerrit Croesen begins.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Sept 17, 1667</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[106]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[CALENDAR: List of Presentments and petitions; actions on all is recorded in the proceedings.]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[TEXT:]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Presentments:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">…</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">The Presentment of a difference between Adam Brower and his Wife of Breukelyn and Gerrit Croessen of the same Place about an Assault and Battery, They are bound over from the Court of Sessions held last at Gravesend to this Court of Assizes.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">… </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxx]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Nov 2, 1667</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[140]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[CALENDAR: Adam Brower and his wife vs. Gerritt Croessen; case of assault and battery referred from Gravesend sessions.<span> </span>Referred back to Court of sessions.]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[TEXT:]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brower and his wife } Plt:</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Gerritt Croessen Deft. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxi]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">Birth of Sara about 1668.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The next year, British Governor Lovelace orders Adam to grind for all his customers without distinction.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">An Order for Adam Brouwer of Breucklyn to Grinde for all persons without Excepcion or distinction.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Whereas Complaint hath beene made unto me by the Constable and Overseers of the Towne of Breucklyn as well as by others of the Inhabitants against Adam Brower of the same place that he the said Adam Brower keeping a Mill there hath severall tymes refused to grinde Corne for divers of them upon very frivolous pretences much to their damage and prejudice And the [said] Miller standing bound to the Peace and good behavior under a Certaine penalty by a Court of Sessions held [] Gravesend which said penalty he seems to be lyable to [have] forfeited by this and divers other miscarriages [in not] obeying an order from a Justice of the pea[ce and also] slighting those of the Constable and Overseers [I have] therefore thought fitt to referr the [whole matter to the] [next] Court of Sessions to be held [at Gravesend who are to adjudge] concerning the forfeit[ure of the penalty as they shall finde] [cause and in the meane tyme do order that the said Adam Brower as long as he shall keep the mill do grinde for all persons without distinction or excepcion according to custome] the first comer to be served first which if he shall refuse any more to doe the Constable and Overseers are to make reporte thereof to me that I may take such further orders therein as will be agreeable to Law and Justice.<span> </span>Given under my hand at Fort James in New York the 12<sup>th</sup> of November 1668.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>F. Lovelace</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The court battle with Gerrit Croesen continues.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Appeales, Actious, Presentments &c Entred for Hearing and Tryall at the General Court of Assizes to bee held in New Yorke beginning the first Wednesday of October 1669.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">…</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Gerret Croesten<span> </span>Pl’t</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brower<span> </span>def’t</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Graunted by ye Governor to<span> </span>In an action of Battery</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">bee tried at ye Assizes</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Sept. 6, 1669</font></span><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"> </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxiii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>That same month, Adam Brouwer’s estate is fined 500 guilders.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[An order for levying a fine of five hundred guilders on Adam Brower’s estate.]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">No date given but appears to be September 1669 from neighboring entries.</font><span><span><span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxiv]</font></u></span></strong></span></span></span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Stiles says this was for an assault on Croesen (p. 157), but the fact that the judge ruled that each had been fined 10 pounds and that they would call it even make me think that this was for Adam’s failure to grind for all customers.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>It appears that in 1669, Adam’s son Peter becomes involved in the dispute with Gerrit Croesen.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">October 1669</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">“The Court (Jan Aertsen) declares that Peter Brouwer, coming yesterday, being Sunday, afternoon, to him Jerome, he complaining that Gerrit Croesen had assaulted and beaten him, hee being all bloody and told the Court (Constable) if hee would not do him justice, hee would, kill Gerritt.”</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">“Caspar Videt declares upon oath that he heard Adam Brouwer say, being come to the ferryman’s home, that, if he had beene with his son, hee should not have come off alive, meaning Gerrett.” </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxv]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Hoffman in Brouwer Beginnings, TAG April 1947 p. 196, uses Totten’s article for his source but places the date of occurrence as October 1669 instead of Totten’s September 1, 1679 which he attributes to CEM p. 80.<span> </span>October 1669 falls into the range of court records for the assault and battery cases between Croesen and the Brouwers.<span> </span>The date of September 1, 1679 is probably while Peter was married and living in Schenectady according to marriage records of his first two children.<span> </span>However Bergen’s Early Settlers of King’s County says “In 1679 he (Peter) was bound over to answer at the Gravesend sessions for an assault on Gerret Croesen, as per p. 80 of Cal. Of Eng. Man.”<span> </span>CEM: 80 shows the following entry “September 1, 1679.<span> </span>Evidence on which Peter Brouwer was bound over to answer at Gravesend sessions for an assault on Gerrit Croesen.”</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Another entry for Brouwer vs. Croesen</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[214]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[CALENDAR: Nov 4 (1669) Gerritt Croesen vs. Adam Brower; for assault and battery.<span> </span>John Rider attorney for plaintiff; John Sharpe, for defendant.<span> </span>Defendant pleads justification.<span> </span>Severall of the justices having previously examined the matter by order of the governor, it is decided by the bench and ordered that defendant pay plaintiff £10 costs of suit and other expenses occasioned.]</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">Birth of Abraham about 1670.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In 1670 there is an execution against the estate of Adam Brouwer.<span> </span>Probably for the 500 guilders mentioned previously.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[Execution against the estate of Adam Brower of Brooklyn.]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">No date given but appears to be April 1670 from neighboring entries.</font><span><span><span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxvii]</font></u></span></strong></span></span></span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>It appears that in the fall of 1670, Adam may have traveled back to Amsterdam, Holland for a time.<span> </span>It wouldn’t have been his son Adam who was eight years old at the time.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">A Passe for Jan Jansen de Jones to Goe for England and Holland in Mr. Cousseaus Ship.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[<span> </span>]mitt and suffer the bearer hereof Jan Jansen de [ ]es with his wife and one child to passé out of [ ] Port with their Necessaryes in the Ship the Fort Albany and New Yorke whereof is Merchant and Owner Jaques Cousseau bound for England and Amsterdam in Holland without any manner Lett hinderance or molestation whatsoever Given under my hand at Fort James in New Yorke the 18th day of August in the 22th yeare of his Majesties Raigne Annoque Domini 1670.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">To all whome this may concerne.<span> </span>The like Passe was graunted to theise persons (vizt)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Cornelys Jansen van Zeland with his wife and 2 children</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Teunis Hillebrant van Dickhuysen with his wife and sonne</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>John Misrol his wife and child</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam Brower</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Barent Reyndertsen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Monsieur Gabriell Minvielle</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Mr. Frans Boone</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Gerritt Gybertsen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Gerritt Cornelyssen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Rupert Roeloffsen</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Hartman Wessells</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Gabriell Herbin</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Isaack Staets</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Nellety Williams</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[List of persons aboard the Ship Fort Albany.] [Partly from A:586]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">No date given but appears to be October 1670 from neighboring entries.</font></span></em></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[Two lines lost] merchant and owner [ ]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">1. Jan Jansen de] Jones, his wife and 1 child</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">2. Cornelis Jan]sen van Zeeland with his wife and 2 chi[ldren] </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">3. Teunis Hilleb]rants van Dickhuysen his wife and son </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">4. John Mi]serolle his wife and child </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">5. Adam] Brower </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">6. Baren]t Rynderts </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">7. Mosnieur Gabriell Minvielle a free Denizen of this [ ]vince </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">8. Mr.] Francis Boone a free Denizen of this provinc[ ] with his wife and familye with their goods merchandize and accessaryes </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">9. Gerrit Gisbertsen </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">10. Gerrit Cornelyssen </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">11. Rupert Roeloffsen </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">12. Hartman Wessells </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">13. Gabriel Herbin </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">14. Issack Staets </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">15. Nellity Williams</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxix]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In the fall of 1670, it appears that the court battle between Gerrit Croesen and the Brouwer’s ends with the court calling everything even.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[Declaration that the assigned payments for damages by Adam Brower and Gerritt Croosen cancel each other out.]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[Title Lost]</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">[<span> </span>] of Adam Brower [<span> </span>] against him at the [<span> </span>] Anno 1669 in which the Summe [<span> </span>] included to be given unto Gerritt [<span> </span>] Damage Susteyned by an Assault [<span> </span>] him by the said Adam Brower And [<span> </span>] likewise before that tyme the said Gerrit [<span> </span>] was Condemned to pay unto Adam Brower [<span> </span>] Summe of Ten pounds for damage his wife [<span> </span>]ved by an Assault from the said Gerritt [<span> </span>]esen the payment of which said summe was suspended for one yeare onely but to this Day no [<span> </span>]te thereof hath beene Received or levied, Upon due Consideration had hereupon and finding the trespasse and Damage on both sides to be equall, I have though[ ] fitt to order that the one do Counterballance the other so that the said Croosen shall forgoe his pretence the Tenn pounds given him as the said Brower shall forgoe the like Summe given for his wife Always Provided that this Order do no way take of the Charges each partye is Incident to pay for their perticular Suites in Courts or elsewhere.<span> </span>Given under my hand at Fort James in New Yorke this 19<sup>th</sup> Day of November 1670.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">To the High Sheriffe of Long Island</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">or his Deputye and to the Constable</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">of Breucklyn or whome else this may</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">concerne.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xl]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>About 1671, Adam’s son Pieter marries Petronella Uldricks Kleyn in Albany or Schenectady.</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In April of 1672, the Brouwer’s baptize Nicholaes.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">1672 Apr 16</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer, Magdalena Jacobs; Nicolaes; Ariaentie Scherps (NYDRC)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>About January 26, 1673, Mathys Brouwer marries Marietje Pieters Wyckoff in the NYDRC.</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>About 1673, Pieter and Petronella have their first child Uldrick in Schenectady.<span> </span></font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3">Birth of Rachel about 1674.</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>About 1674, Mathys and Maria have their first child Samuel in Cortlandt Manor, L.I.</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>About 1675, Pieter and Petronella have their second child Abraham in Schenectady.</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Tax records from 1675.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Assessment of the real and personal property of the inhabitants of Breuckelen, made up on the 20<sup>th</sup> August, Anno. 1675.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Mattheis Brouwer – 1 poll, 2 cows, ₤28; 1½ morgen valley, ₤3: Total, ₤31.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 0.75in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Paulus Vander Beecke – 2 polls, 2 horses, 4 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs.; 1 ditto of 1 yr., ₤93.10; 20 morgens of land and valley, ₤40: Total, ₤133.10.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 0.75in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer – 2 polls, 2 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs.; 3 sheep, 1 hog, ₤60; 1½ morgen of valley, ₤3: Total, ₤63.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xli]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">About 1676, Fytie Brouwer marries Evert Hendrickse Van Gelder in Brookland.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>April 22, 1676, Mathys and Marie baptize son Peter RDCNY (living in Brooklyn)</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong><span style="color: red"><font size="3"><span> </span>Spetember 20, 1676, Maria Brouwer marries Jacob Pietersen (Verhulst) RDCNY</font></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Tax records from 1676.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span><font size="3"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">Assessment roll of Breuckelen, made up September, 1676</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 0.75in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Mr. Paulus van der Beeck – 2 polls, 3 horses, 4 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs.; 2 ditto of 1 yr., ₤100; 20 morgens of land and valley, ₤40: Total, ₤140.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer – 1 poll, 3 cows, 4 sheep, and 1½ morgens of valley, ₤37.14.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Willem Brouwer – 1 poll, ₤18.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jabecq Brouwer – 1 poll, ₤18.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">Church listing.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Extracted from a list of communicants in the Protestant Reformed Churches of Brooklyn, Flatbush, Flatlands, and new Utrecht, from September 6<sup>th</sup>, 1677 to 1685, copied, by Hon. Teunis G. Bergen, from the church records of Flatbush, in the handwriting of Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren, who, during said period, was Pastor of the churches in the above-mentioned towns.<span> </span>The original spelling of the record has been followed as nearly as possible.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Residing at the “Veer Van Breuckelen” (Ferry).</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Matthys Brouwer and Marritje Pieters his wife.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Residing at “Gouwanus.”</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer and Magdalena Verden his wife.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Pieter Adamsz.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Paulis Vander Beek (dead, 1680) and Maria Badye his wife.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Aaltje Bredenbent.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Willem Brouwer and </font><span style="color: red">Magdalena Verden</span><font color="#000000"> his wife.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xliii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><span><font color="#000000"> </font></span><strong><span style="color: red">About 1678, Willem Brouwer marries Elizabeth Simpson.</span></strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><font size="3"><span> </span>It’s possible that Adam owned property in Newtown, Long Island in 1678.<span> </span>A list of inhabitants of Newtowne, L.I. from September 24, 1678 shows an estate for Adam Bruer with one head and two cows.</font></font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xliv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>The only thing I could find linking Adam Brouwer to Newtowne was the following:</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">THIS IS THE LAST ITEM found concerning JOSIAS JANSZEN DE RAET. The time and place of his death are not found. Evidently he took the name DRAKE about 1717. The last entry of record with his name and signature is dated in 1719, were he deeds his land in Newtown, NY. to his son , John DRAKE. His son John DRAKE died in Goshen, Orange County, NY. in 1750, leaving will in which he names his wife and children and leaves them land "inherited from my grandfather, Adam BROWER of Gowanus." </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[6]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">I’m not sure if the “land inherited from my grandfather” is the same land deeded in Newtown, NY.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>In 1680, Adam was suspected of leaning towards the Catholic religion.</font></font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlv]</font></u></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Tax records from 1683,</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Valuation of Breuckelen, taken 26 September, 1683.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 0.75in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jacob Brouwer – 2 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs., ₤30.10; 6 morgens of land and valley, ₤12: Total, ₤42.10.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Mattys Brouwer – 1 poll, 1 cow, 1 ditto of 3 yrs., ₤27.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 0.75in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer – 1 poll, 1 mill, 3 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs.; 2 ditto of 1 yr.; 3 sheep, ₤143.10; 3 morgens of land, ₤6: Total, ₤149.10.</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>We don’t hear from Adam again until 1687 when Adam and his sons residing in Brooklyn took the British Oath of Allegiance.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">September 26 – 30, 1687</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Oath of Allegiance by the inhabitants of Brooklyn</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer, Junior, native</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Pieter Brouwer, native</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Abram Brouwer, native</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer, 45 years (<em>number of years residence since emigration</em>)</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jacob Brouwer, native </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Adam, in failing health, made his will in January 1692.<span> </span>He died later that year since the will was proved in November.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN, Whereas Adam Brower Berkhoven, inhavitant of ye town of Bruckland, being at present sick a bedd but fully having his knowledge and understanding and considering ye (fragility) and mortality of mens life and ye uncertaine hours there of –</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">So it is that ye Adam Brower before his departure out of this world, is willing to dispose of his estate and good to be left by decease, in ye presence of ye under-mentioned witnesses – Henry Sleght, Cornelius Sebring and, John Fredericks, from said testator here unto required –</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">So it is that ye testator Adam Brower makes his whole estate moveable and immoveable to his wife Magdalena Brower, and my utmost will and desire is, that none of my children shall trouble or move their mother during her life, and further ye testator Adam Brower, makes his oldest son Peter Brower three shillings, for reasons he was disobedient of his father, as also Jacob Brower and Aeltie Brower whoe also for reasons of disobedience shall not receive a penny from their father Adam Brower, but ye testator bequeath ye same from ye three disobedient children, wit.<span> </span>Peter Brower, ye eldest, Jacob Brower and Aeltie Brower upon their children, ye portion of Peter upon his children, ye portion of Jacob Brower upon his children, ye portion Aeltie Brower upon her children.<span> </span>Further is ye desire of ye testator that ye other children, as Mathys, William, Adam, Abraham, Nicholas, ye daughter Mary, Fyte, Helena, Anna, Sara, Rachel, these eleaven children shall have equall portion amongst them, and also ye children of ye disobedient children above named, they shall also with ye other eleaven children equally divide and further bequeath ye testator to Adolphus form of William Brower before out for a gift of three pieces of eight, and Mathys his daughter Magdalena one piece of eight, and Pieter Brower his daughter Magdalena one piece of eight and his daughter [Mary/</font><strong><span style="color: red">Vroutje</span></strong><font color="#000000">] one piece of eight, with Fytje daughter Magdalena one piece of eight – This is that whi is ye testator Adam Brower last will and hath signed and sealed ye same with his owne hand, with Henry Sleght, Cornelius Sebring and John Fredericks, and are hereby all former testaments made vow and will dated 22<sup>nd</sup> of January 1691/2. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">November 21, 1692</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">"In the name of God Amen. Whereas I, Adam Brewer, Berkhoon, inhabitatnt o ye Towne of Brooklandt, being at present sick, but fully having my knowledge and understading. I desire that none of my children shall trouble or move their mother during her life. I leave to my eldest son, Peter, 3 shillings by reason that he has been disobedient to his father. And also Jacob Brewer and Altie Brewer for reason of their disobedience shall not receive a penney from their father Adam Brewer but their portions are left to their children. The other children, Mathys, William, Adam, Abraham, Anna, Sarah and Rachel shall have an equal share in the estate. Leaves to Adolphus son of William, 3 pieces of 8. TO Magdalena, daughter of Peter, 1 piece of 8, and to his daughter Vrentie 1 piece of 8. This is that which ye Testator Adam Brewer as his last will and testament, he hath signed and sealed the same with his own hand, Jan 22, 1691/2 Makes Barent Van Flentburg and Wm. Nazareth turors and overseers. Witnesses, Henry Sleght, Conelius Sebring, Johannes Fredrichs. <br>The foregoing witnesses appeared before me, November 21, 1692, and made oath to the same. Benjamin Fletcher. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlix]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Page 213</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Will of Adam Brewer leaves whole estate to his wife, Magdalena Brewer.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Page 214</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">6 lines from the top Will of Adam Brewer for 7 children read 11 children and add the names Nicholas, Mary, Fytie and Helena Brewer.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 1in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Will of Adam Brewer also mentions grandchildren, Mary, daughter of Magdalen, Magdalen daughter of Mathys, Magdalen daughter of Fytie.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">15 lines from top for Barent Van Flentburg read Barent Van Tielburg.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">16 lines from top for Cornelius Sebrig read Cornelius Sebring.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">18 lines from top for November read March. </font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[l]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" color="#000000">William Nazareth was the husband of Adam’s daughter Helena.<span> </span>Barent van Tilburg was the second husband of Adam’s daughter Maria.<span> </span>Cornelius Sebring was a wealthy farmer and mill owner of Red Hook who was the son-in-law of Frederick Lubbertsen.<span> </span>John Fredericks is probably Jan Fredericks Van Lieuwen a deacon of the RDC, husband of Aeltje Jans (Jan Jansen) and long time resident of Brooklyn.<span> </span>Henry Sleght is probably Hendrick Cornelise Slecht, husband of Elsje Barens Lieveling and resident of Flatbush.</font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>Brooklyn census of 1698.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">A list of all the freeholders, their wives, children, apprentices, and slaves, in the town of Brookland about 1698.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span> </span>M<span> </span>W<span> </span>C<span> </span>A<span> </span>S</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Willem Brouwer<span> </span><span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>2<span> </span>-</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Magdalena</span><span style="font-size: 10pt"> Farden<span> </span>-<span> </span>1<span> </span>-<span> </span>-<span> </span>-</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Jacob Brouwer<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>6<span> </span>-<span> </span>-</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000">Adam Brouwer<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>4<span> </span>-<span> </span>-</font><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[li]</font></u></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"> </p><div><br><font size="3"><hr></font><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[1]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Both his marriage Bann and early attempts to get wages from the WIC show him as being from Cologne.<span> </span>Usually this would be the place of birth though it’s impossible to say for sure.<span> </span>It’s also unclear whether he is German or Dutch.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[2]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> The Portuguese captured Fort St. Louis from the French in 1615 and captured it back from the Dutch in 1644.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[3]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> </font><u><font color="#0000ff">http://olivetreegenealogy.com/nn/mm_shipnyam.shtml</font></u><font color="#000000"> and </font><u><font color="#0000ff">http://olivetreegenealogy.com/nn/mm_shipamny.shtml</font></u><font color="#000000"> </font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[4]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> <span style="color: black">Aug. 14, 1647</span><span style="color: black">, protest of Jan Laurensen Appel, attorney of Isbrant Dircksen Goethart, to the curators of the estate of the late Seger Tonissen for non-payment of a bond, with the answer thereto: Hendrick Jansz Backer served as witness in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland. Pages Hendrick Jansz Backer served as witness in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland. Pages 464-465.<span> </span><span>"New York Historical Manuscripts: Dutch; Volume II, Register of the Provincial Secretary, 1642-1647," translated and annotated by Arnold J.F. Van Laer, edited by Kenneth Scott and Kenn Stryker-Rodda, 1974.</span></span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[5]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> On January 7, 1642, Pieter Wolphersen officially adopted Maria’s daughter Aeltjem Pieters as his own.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[6]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Driggs Family Pages - </font><u><font color="#0000ff">http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~hindorff/Driggs%20Family%20Pages.htm</font></u><font color="#000000"> </font></p></div></div><div><br><hr><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[i]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Register of the Provincial Secretary, 1642-1647, Volume II /Translated and annotated by Arnold J. F. Van Laer; edited with added indexes by Kenneth Scott and Kenn Stryker-Rodda</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[ii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> History of the City of New York by Paulding, William Irving and David Thomas Valentine (1853), pp. 124-125.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[iii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Register of the Provincial Secretary, 1642-1647, Volume II /Translated and annotated by Arnold J. F. Van Laer; edited with added indexes by Kenneth Scott and Kenn Stryker-Rodda</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[iv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Records of the Reformed Dutch Church in New Amsterdam and New York by Samuel S. Purple</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[v]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, Vol.XIV – Old Series, Vol III – New Series, Page 70</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[vi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Volume IV – Council Minutes, 1638-1649, Page 262</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[vii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Register of the Provincial Secretary, 1642-1647, Volume II /Translated and annotated by Arnold J. F. Van Laer; edited with added indexes by Kenneth Scott and Kenn Stryker-Rodda</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[viii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Baptisms from 1639 to 1730 in the Reformed Dutch Church, New York (BDC).<span> </span>Collection of the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Vol. II, Baptismss, Vol. I, 1901.<span> </span>Page 21</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[ix]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> New Amsterdam and its people; studies, social and topographical, of the town under Dutch and early English rule by J.H. Innes, pp. 299-302</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[x]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">New York</span><span style="font-size: 10pt"> Historical Manuscripts – Land Papers GG, HH, LL, Translated and edited by Charles T. Gehring, Page 48</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">New York</span><span style="font-size: 10pt"> Historical Manuscripts: Dutch, Volume V, Council Minutes, 1652-1654, Translated and Edited by Charles T. Gehring, Page 11, 15, 18</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><u><span style="font-size: 10pt">The Bergen Family</span></u><span style="font-size: 10pt"> by Teunis G. Bergen, Albany, N.Y., 1876, Footnote on page 100-101</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xiii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York (Valentine’s Manual), Volume 1861, Page 589</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xiv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York (Valentine’s Manual), Volume 1861, Page 594</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638 – 1674 – E.B. O’Callaghan<strong></strong></span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">The Records of New Amsterdam from 1653 to 1674 Anno Domini by Edmund Baily O’Callaghan, Volume 3: Minutes of the Court of Burgomasters and Schepens; Sept. 3, 1658 – Dec. 30, 1661 Inclusive, Page 173-175</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Ecclesiastical Records, State of New York – Hugh Hastings, James Austin Holden</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Baptisms in the Reformed Dutch Church of Brooklyn.<span> </span>As translated by the late Hon. T. G. Bergen.<span> </span>Reprinted from the Brooklyn Corporation Manual of 1869 (Rec 1998 or 1989??)</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xix]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Baptisms in the Reformed Dutch Church of Brooklyn.<span> </span>As translated by the late Hon. T. G. Bergen.<span> </span>Reprinted from the Brooklyn Corporation Manual of 1869 (Rec 1998 or 1989??)</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xx]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><u><span style="font-size: 10pt">New York</span></u><u><span style="font-size: 10pt"> Historical Manuscripts: Dutch – The Register of Salomon Lachaire, Notary Public of New Amsterdam, 1661-1662, </span></u><span style="font-size: 10pt">Translated from the Original Dutch Manuscript in the Office of the Clerk of the Common Council of New York by E.B. O’Callaghan.<span> </span>Edited and Indexed By Kenneth Scott & Kenn Stryker-Rodda</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">The Records of New Amsterdam from 1653 to 1674 Anno Domini by Edmund Baily O’Callaghan, Volume 4: Minutes of the Court of Burgomasters and Schepens; Jan. 3, 1662 – Dec. 18, 1663 Inclusive, Page 21</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Baptisms in the Reformed Dutch Church of Brooklyn.<span> </span>As translated by the late Hon. T. G. Bergen.<span> </span>Reprinted from the Brooklyn Corporation Manual of 1869 (Rec 1998 or 1989??)</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxiii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Baptisms in the Reformed Dutch Church of Brooklyn.<span> </span>As translated by the late Hon. T. G. Bergen.<span> </span>Reprinted from the Brooklyn Corporation Manual of 1869 (Rec 1998 or 1989??)</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxiv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Baptisms in the Reformed Dutch Church of Brooklyn.<span> </span>As translated by the late Hon. T. G. Bergen.<span> </span>Reprinted from the Brooklyn Corporation Manual of 1869 (Rec 1998 or 1989??)</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">The Minutes of the Orphanmasters of New Amsterdam, 1655 to 1663 by Berthold Fernow, Waleyn Van der Veen, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt">Page 229</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, Vol. XIV – Old Series, Vol. III – New Series, Page 548-549</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> History of Brooklyn, Stiles page 157, attributed to Council Minutes, ii, page 195</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Register in Alphabetical Order, of the Early Settlers of Kings County, Long Island, N. Y., from its First Settlement by Europeans until 1700, by Teunis G. Bergen, p. 51, attributed to p. 179 of Lib 2 of Con.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxix]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Hoffman’s Brouwer Beginnings, p. 195, TAG April 1947.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxx]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> New York Historical Manuscripts: English – Records of the Court of Assizes for the Colony of New York, 1665-1682. <span> </span>Edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Christoph</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> New York Historical Manuscripts: English – Records of the Court of Assizes for the Colony of New York, 1665-1682.<span> </span>Edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Christoph</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Books of general entries of the colony of New York, 1664-1673 : orders, warrants, letters, commissions, passes and licenses issued by governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace / edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Cristoph, Page 188 (indicates the source as partly from CDM14 and partly from General Entries 1665-1669 Orders, Warrants, Letters Vol. 2, page 283)</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxiii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Annual Report of the State Historian of the State of New York, Page 356-357</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxiv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Books of general entries of the colony of New York, 1664-1673 : orders, warrants, letters, commissions, passes and licenses issued by governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace / edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Cristoph, Page 300 (indicates the source as General Entries 1665-1669 Orders, Warrants, Letters Vol. 2, page 537, from mss index)</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Brouwer (Brower-Brewer) Family Notes by John Reynolds Totten, Record 1936, pp 221-222 from a copy of the original document provided to the author on January 8, 1935 by Mr. A. J. F. van Lear of the Department of Archives in Albany, N. Y.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">New York</span><span style="font-size: 10pt"> Historical Manuscripts: English – Records of the Court of Assizes for the Colony of New York, 1665-1682.<span> </span>Edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Christoph, [TEXT (FROM CD 14):]</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Books of general entries of the colony of New York, 1664-1673 : orders, warrants, letters, commissions, passes and licenses issued by governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace / edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Cristoph, Page 332 (indicates the source as General Entries 1669-1671, page 509, from mss index)</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Books of General Entries of the Colony of New York, 1664-1673: Orders, Warrants, Letters, Commissions, Passes and Licenses Issued by Governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Christoph., Page 370 (indicates the source as General Entries, 1669-1671, p 586)</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xxxix]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Books of General Entries of the Colony of New York, 1664-1673: Orders, Warrants, Letters, Commissions, Passes and Licenses Issued by Governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Christoph., Page 378 (indicates the source as General Entries, 1669-1671, p 602)</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xl]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">Books of general entries of the colony of New York, 1664-1673 : orders, warrants, letters, commissions, passes and licenses issued by governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace / edited by Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Cristoph, Page 385 (indicates the source as General Entries 1669-1671, page 616)</span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xli]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> N. Y. Doc. Hist., iv., pp. 144-150.<span> </span>Per History of Brooklyn by Henry Reed Stiles, pp. 430-432.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> N. Y. Doc. Hist., ii., p. 475.<span> </span>Per History of Brooklyn by Henry Reed Stiles, pp. 432-434.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xliii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> History of Brooklyn by Henry Reed Stiles, pp. 426-428.<span> </span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xliv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, Vol.XIV – Old Series, Vol III – New Series, Page 739</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlv]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> The Settlers of the Beekman Patent, Volume 1, p. 762.<span> </span>New England Historic Genealogical Society.<span> </span>(Original source unknown)</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlvi]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> N. Y. Doc. Hist., ii., pp. 498-503.<span> </span>Per History of Brooklyn by Henry Reed Stiles, pp. 435-437.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlvii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> “The Roll off those who have Taken the oath off Allegiance in the Kings County in the Province off New Yorke the 26<sup>th</sup> 27; 28; 29 and 30<sup>th</sup> day off September In the Third Yeare off his Maytsh Raigne Annoque Domine 1687.” – MSS. In Sec’y of State’s office.<span> </span>See N. Y. Doc. Hist., i., p. 659.<span> </span>Per History of Brooklyn by Henry Reed Stiles, pp. 203-204.</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlviii]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> The Story of the Brewers, 1984 by Eugene C. Campbell as mentioned in A Dutch English Odyssey by Floyd I. Brewer</font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[xlix]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"><font size="3"> </font><span style="font-size: 10pt">The New York Historical Society, <u>Abstracts of Wills on File in the Surrogate's Office, City of New York</u>, Volumes I~XVII, 1892~1908, “Abstracts of Wills -- Liber 3-4". <em>New York</em><em> Historical Society Collections, p. 422</em></span></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[l]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> The New York Historical Society, <u>Corrections Abstracts of Wills Volumes I – V</u>, 1907<em>.<span> </span>New York Historical Society Collections, pp. 22-23</em></font></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><span><span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 10pt"><u><font color="#0000ff">[li]</font></u></span></span></span></span><font color="#000000"> History of Brooklyn by Henry Reed Stiles, pp. 437-439.<span> </span>Original source not noted.</font></p></div></div></font></div>
Also known as Adam Brouwer Berckhoven (the name he called himself in his will) he is the progenitor of the largest of the three Brouwer families present in 17th century New Netherland. Adam Brouwer and his wife, Magdalena Verdon, had fourteen children reach adulthood, who in turn left at least 97 grandchildren, and more than 350 great-grandchildren. The identity of Adam's own parents and his ancestry is unknown. Claims that Adam is a son of either Pieter Clement Brouwer, or of Frans Sijmonsen Brouwer, are undocumented and unproven. Such claims are apparently based on nothing but a common surname. (See my article “New Insight into the Origins of Adam Brouwer,” soon to be published in <em>New Netherland Connections</em>).<br><br>In 1641, Adam Brouwer, as a soldier in the service of the Dutch West India Company (WIC), sailed to Brazil on the ship Swol . There he served, for at least some period of time, at Fort St. Louis de Marinhan. The first record of Adam in New Amsterdam is found in February 1645, when he bought a house lot in New Amsterdam from Hendrick Jansen. On the same day he gave Power of Attorney to Guert Servaesz to collect wages on his behalf due from the WIC. Apparently Guert was not successful for in 1646 Adam again gave Power of Attorney, this time to Govert Loockermans, to collect his past due pay. <br><br>We know that Adam was born in Cologne from his 1645 marriage record at the Dutch Church in New Amsterdam. The record calls Adam, "van Ceulen," which in the context of the marriage records of that time, would indicate that he was born in Cologne (now within the borders of present day Germany). In his own will Adam called himself, "Adam Brouwer Berchoven." Berchoven, or variations thereof, were also used on the marriage records of a number of his children, namely Abraham, Nicholas, Rachel, Adam, Jr., and Anna. For a further explanation of “Berckhoven,” please the above referenced article, “New Insight into the Origins of Adam Brouwer.”<br><br>Adam Brouwer and his family have been covered in the past. Published accounts of Adam Brouwer and his descendants begin in 1878 with T.G. Bergen's, "Contributions to the History of the Early Settlers of Kings County, N.Y." (NYG&BR 9(1878):126-9). Fifty-eight years then passed between T.G. Bergen's treatment of Adam Brouwer, and the publication of "Brouwer (Brower-Brewer) Family Notes," by John Reynolds Totten in NYG&BR 67(1936):103-10, 217-29. Bergen and Totten's work were not without errors and in 1938 William J. Hoffman published "Brouwer Corrections" (NYG&BR 69(1938):172-9) to address some inconsistencies. Then, beginning in April 1947, William J. Hoffman published in a series of articles appearing in The American Genealogist (TAG) titled, "Brouwer Beginnings: The First Three Generations of the Adam Brouwer Berchoven Family." It is to date the most complete published treatment of Adam Brouwer's family. The first significant research regarding Adam Brouwer to be published in the sixty years since "Brouwer Beginnings,” appeared in the NYG&BR 138(2007):245-9. The article, "DNA Analysis: Adam Brouwer Berckhoven, Elias Brouwer of New Jersey, and John Brewer of Ohio," by Richard D. Brewer, PhD, Scott Kraus, and William B. Bogardus, laid to rest any thoughts that Adam and his descendants may be closely related to Jan Brouwer, blacksmith, of Flatlands, Long Island. Analysis of DNA samples from known descendants of Adam, and of Jan, has shown that any possible common ancestor for the two could only be found tens of thousands of years ago. The Brewer DNA project, co-administrated by Richard D. Brewer, continues, and can be found at <u>www.familytreedna.com</u> (search for Brewer).<br><br>Adam's most enduring legacy was of course the mill he built at Gowanus, initially in partnership with Isaac de Foreest (who likely supplied the financial backing). Adam probably had the mill built in the early 1650's on land that had been patented to Jan Everts Bout on 8 July 1645. In May 1664, along with other inhabitants of Gowanus, Adam Brouwer petitioned the Governor and Council to have the canal between Red Hook Island and the mainland dredged. This was the first action in what would eventually create the "Gowanus Canal," which today borders the neighborhoods of Red Hook and South Brooklyn on the west and Gowanus/Park Slope on the east. "Brouwer's Mill" is thought to have been the first water mill built in Brooklyn (Breukelen) and the first to have operated in New Netherlands. It appears that the rights to the property were secured by Adam's children as a claim of a "gift" from Jan Everts Bout only after both Adam and Jan Everts Bout were deceased. Some decades before, Adam became the sole owner of the mill business when he bought out Isaac de Foreest's interest for 2,400 guilders payable in grain (wheat and rye at 4 glds., buckwheat and maize at 2 glds. per skepel) with the remaining 400 glds. in wampum. Full rights to the mill property were purchased in 1698 by his two youngest sons, Abraham and Nicholas, from Adam's other heirs. The deed for this purchase is certainly the most useful document found for constructing the family of Adam Brouwer. The deed was not recorded but was later found in the possession of descendants of Garret Brouwer, and has been noted by the early Brouwer family researchers, Bergen, Totten, and Hoffman. Dated 12 Aug 1698 it names Pieter, Matthyas, William, Jacob and Adam Brouwer, Barent Van Tillburg, Matthys Cornelisse, Jesaias Dreax, William Nazareth, William Hilton, Thomas Knight and Peter Hendrix, "all sons and sons-in-law of Adam Brouwer of Gowanus." The above named convey to Abraham Brouwer and Nicholas Brouwer, their two brothers in consideration of £270, the plot on which the mill stands, and the Neck of land and meadows therunto belonging. On the same day, Adam's widow, Magdalena, conveyed her interest in the mill property to Abraham and Nicholas for a separate consideration. During the first decade of the 1700's sons, Abraham and Nicholas, together expanded the mill property and built a second mill, which was then referred to as the "New Mill." In 1706 the two brothers signed an indenture certifying their joint ownership in the mill and other properties. In 1709 the "New Mill" was built, and by two indentures in 1710, the brothers decided to split the properties into separate ownership with Abraham possessing the "Old Mill," and Nicholas, the "New Mill." On 20 June 1712, Nicholas conveyed his mill property to his brother Abraham for the sum of £1200, and by 1719 Nicholas had moved his family from Gowanus, relocating to Fordham Manor, and leaving Abraham as the sole Brouwer still in the milling business at Gowanus. In September 1737, Abraham conveyed to his son Jurie (Jeremiah) Brouwer, the "Old Mill" property, and by a separate conveyance sold to his son Abraham, the "New Mill" property. The mill property remained in the possession of these two brothers through the American Revolution, and in August 1776, the Battle of Long Island, or more appropriately, the Battle of Brooklyn was fought on the mill's doorstep. It was here, and at the neighboring "Old Stone House," that William Alexander (a.k.a. Lord Stirling) and his Marylanders held off the British invasion long enough for Gen. Washington to begin the evacuation of his troops from Long Island. The mill and its stores were ordered to be burned during the retreat. A partially destroyed mill anchors Alonzo Chappel's, 1858 painting, Battle of Long Island. In November 1785, Adolphus Brouwer (son of Jurie [Jeremiah] Brouwer, grandson of Abraham, and great-grandson of Adam) purchased the mill property, as well as all the timbers that had been collected to build a mill, from the remaining heirs of Jeremiah Brouwer. Adolph apparently rebuilt the mill, and on 4 May 1798, Adolph sold the mill and property to John C. Freeke of New York City, for a considerable profit over his own purchase price. One hundred and fifty three years after the property on which the mill stood was patented, Brouwer's Mill became Freeke's Mill. In November 1818, Mary (Elsworth) Brower, widow of Abraham, and descendants of Jeremiah Brower petitioned the U.S. Congress for reimbursement of losses suffered on the mill property during August 1776. They were denied their claim with the reasons that the petitioners waited too long, and that they applied to the wrong jurisdiction (they were told to petition New York State).
Adam <span>Brouwer</span> was born on 18 January 1622, in Katwijk-in-Keu (South Holland) or in Germany. He immigrated in 1641 to Brazil, from Cologne, Germany, when he sailed in the ship Swol as a soldier for the West India Company. He immigrated circa 1642 to New Amsterdam. (When he took the oath of allegiance in Sept. 1687, as a resident of Breukelen, he made the statement that he had been in this country for 45 years). He is shown as living at New Amsterdam, New York, on 21 February 1645, on which date he bought a house and garden lot from Hendrick Jansen, blacksmith. On 21 February 1645, Adam gave his power of attorney in an attempt to collect money due him from the West India Company. He married Magdalena Jacobs Verdon in March 1645 at the New Amsterdam Reformed Church, New York City, New York, on the 19th or 21st of the month, depending on the source consulted. On 21 September 1646, Adam gave his power-of-attorney in a repeat attempt to get money owed him by the West India Company. He left a will dated 22 January 1691/92. Per the source (The Woodley-Bailey Family tree), there is a LOT more info on this family in Brower research notes and online records and biographies. Adam and Magdalena had at least 14 children, and the number of their descendents is enormous.