Janneken Adriaens**
1604-1674
Born: Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands (Brabant, Meuse, Lorraine, FR)
Died: New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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1604-1674
Born: Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands (Brabant, Meuse, Lorraine, FR)
Died: New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #ddddff; padding: 0.75pt"> <p style="text-align: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Times">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Melyn">show</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> series</span></strong></font></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: times">Cornelis Melyn</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: times"> (1600 – c. 1662) was an early Dutch settler in New Netherland and Patroon of Staten Island. He was the chairman of the council of eight men, which was a part of early steps toward representative democracy in the Dutch colony.</span></font></p> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Early life</span></span></font> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Cornelis Melyn was born in Antwerp, then a part of the Spanish Netherlands, where he was baptised at St. Walburga's church September 17, 1600,<sup>[1]</sup> the son of Andries and Maria (Gheudinx-Botens) Melyn, and grandson of Lambrecht Melyn, of the same place. Both of Cornelis' parents died in 1606. Two guardians, Jacques Melyn and Hans Salomons, were appointed for him and he was taken into the family of his half-brother Abraham Melyn to be raised. When he was about twelve years of age, Cornelis was apprenticed as a tailor.</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">When Melyn was about 18 years old, the priest of St. Walburga's church issued him a baptismal certificate and a certificate of good conduct. It is possible he left Antwerp at this time for Amsterdam, where he married Janneken Adriaens in 1627. Their marriage certificate<sup>[2]</sup> lists them both as residing in Amsterdam. By this time, Melyn had changed his occupation, being listed in this certificate as a <em>seemtouwer</em>, a "dresser of the finer and softer leathers".</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Cornelis Melyn made at least one voyage to the New World before deciding to settle there, aboard the Dutch West India Company's ship <em>Het Wapen van Noorwegen</em> (The Arms of Norway) in 1638. After returning to the Netherlands, he applied for the Patroonship of Staten Island, which he was granted July 3, 1640. Soon afterwards, he sailed, possibly in the <em>Engel Gabriel</em> (Angel Gabriel), for New Netherland. But the vessel was captured by a Dunkirk raider August 13, 1640, and Melyn was forced to return to the Netherlands.</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Melyn sailed once again to New Amsterdam May 17, 1641, aboard the vessel <em>Den Eyckenboom</em> (The Oak Tree) with a new party of colonists, including his wife and children. Also on board was Adriaen van der Donck who would one day be a political ally of Melyn and a fellow victim of Director-General Peter Stuyvesant's persecution. Soon after The Oak Tree's arrival in New Amsterdam, Cornelis Melyn and his party of 41 persons were at work establishing a new colony on Staten Island. June 19, 1642, Melyn received from Director-General Willem Kieft his patent to all of Staten Island except for a farm which had already been allocated to David Pietersen de Vries.</span></font></p> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"> </span></font> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Leadership</span></span></font> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">In November 1643, during the bloody conflict with the neighboring Lenape tribes which became known as Kieft's War, Melyn and his colonists were forced to abandon Staten Island. According to his own statement, "I was obliged to flee for the sake of saving my life, and to sojourn with wife and children at the Menatans till the year 1647."<sup>[3]</sup></span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">In 1644, his plantation having been destroyed, Cornelis Melyn purchased three adjacent lots near the Dutch fort on lower Manhattan, along the East River near the intersection of the present Broad and Pearl Streets. He settled there with his family for the next three years. As the Dutch colony drifted into chaos and some colonists expressed outrage at what they considered Kieft's ineptitude, the Director-General sought to placate his critics by appointing a council of eight men, with Cornelis Melyn as chairman, to assist him in governing the colony. This body, which was supposed to represent the people of New Amsterdam, was one of the earliest steps toward representative democracy in that colony. The colonists' opposition to Kieft continued, however, and the council demanded his removal in a letter transmitted to the States-General of the Netherlands in October 1644.</span></font></p> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="editsection"><span style="font-size: 16pt">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Melyn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conflict With Stuyvesant">edit</a>]</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span class="mw-headline">Conflict With Stuyvesant</span></span></font> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">In 1647, when Peter Stuyvesant arrived in New Amsterdam to replace Kieft as Director-General, Melyn and Jochem Kuyter, acting in name of the citizens of New Amsterdam, brought charges against the outgoing governor, demanding an investigation of his conduct while in office. Recognizing the danger of such actions to his own administration, Stuyvesant refused to consider Melyn and Kuyter's demands and caused them to be tried for lèse majesté. The case was quickly decided against the defendants, who were sentenced to banishment from the colony.</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">August 16, 1647, Kuyter and Melyn sailed aboard the <em>Princess Amelia</em> to appeal their convictions to the States-General.<sup>[4]</sup> Their vessel ran aground off the coast of Wales, but both survived and were able to present their cases in early 1648. The States-General acted favorably upon their appeal and issued a writ of mandamus dated April 28 ordering Director-General Stuyvesant to appear in person, or through his representative, to sustain his judgment against them.</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Cornelis Melyn returned once again to New Amsterdam and caused the writ to be presented to Stuyvesant March 8, 1649, at a dramatic meeting in the New Amsterdam church. As Burton<sup>[5]</sup> describes the confrontation:</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Melyn appeared at this meeting and demanded that Their High Mightinesses' Letter and the mandamus be read and explained to the people. In the midst of considerable excitement, Melyn handed the mandamus to Arnoldus van Hardenbergh to be read aloud. Stuyvesant in a rage snatched the mandamus from van Hardenbergh's hands, and in the confusion the seal was torn off. Melyn then offered Stuyvesant a copy of the mandamus, whereupon the latter was induced by some of the bystanders to return the original, which was read, including of course the summons commanding Stuyvesant to enter appearance without delay at the Hague to defend the judgment. Stuyvesant replied: "I honor the States General, and their commission and will obey their commands, and will send an agent to maintain the judgment as it was well and legally pronounced." Melyn demanded a written reply, but this neither Stuyvesant nor his Secretary would give.</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Melyn returned to the Netherlands in August 1649. Stuyvesant's representative, Cornelis van Tienhoven, the Secretary of the Colony, also proceeded aboard a different vessel. The case was apparently never brought to a hearing.</span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Melyn returned in 1650 aboard the <em>Nieuw Nederlandsche Fortuyn</em> (New Netherland's Fortune) to resume his attempt to colonize Staten Island, along with a group of about 70 persons. His feud continued with Director-General Stuyvesant, who had him arrested and imprisoned without trial or hearing in 1655. During Melyn's imprisonment, there was another Indian uprising known as the Peach Tree War which destroyed the Staten Island colony. It was soon after this disaster that Cornelis Melyn and family left for the English New Haven Colony, where he took an oath of allegiance to the English crown April 7, 1657. In 1659, he agreed with the West India Company to relinquish his right of Patroonship of Staten Island.</span></font></p> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="editsection"><span style="font-size: 16pt">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Melyn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span class="mw-headline">Death</span></span></font> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">There is no record of Cornelis Melyn's death, but his name ceases to appear in the records of the New Haven colony after 1663 and is not mentioned in the records of the marriages of his two daughters in New Haven August 25, 1664. Melyn's role in history is recognized in a mural at Staten Island's Borough Hall by Frederick Charles Stahr.<sup>[6]</sup></span></font></p> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="editsection"><span style="font-size: 16pt">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Melyn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></span></font> <p style="margin-: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><span>1.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt">^</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span>Paul Gibson Burton (1936). <em>The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record</em>. The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. p. 164.</span></span></font></p> <p style="margin-: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><span>2.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt">^</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt"> Betrothal Certificate of Cornelis MELIJN & Jannetie ARIAENSS, 22 April 1627, Amsterdam</span></font></p> <p style="margin-: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><span>3.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt">^</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span>Paul Gibson Burton (1937). <em>The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record</em>. The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. p. 6.</span></span></font></p> <p style="margin-: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><span>4.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt">^</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt"> Russell Shorto, <em>The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America.</em> First Edition. New York City: Vintage Books (a Division of Random House, 2004), p.179. ISBN 1-4000-7867-9</span></font></p> <p style="margin-: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><span>5.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt">^</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span>Paul Gibson Burton (1937). <em>The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record</em>. The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. p. 8.</span></span></font></p> <p style="margin-: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><span>6.<span style="font: 7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt">^</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16pt"> The Staten Island Historian – Borough Hall Murals</span></font></p> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="editsection"><span style="font-size: 16pt">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Melyn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span class="mw-headline">Further reading</span></span></font> <ul><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span><span style="font-size: 16pt">Paul Gibson Burton (1936). "The Antwerp Ancestry of Cornelis Melyn". <em>The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record</em> <strong>67</strong>: 157–164, 246–255.</span></span></font></li><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span><span style="font-size: 16pt">Paul Gibson Burton (1937). "Cornelis Melyn, Patroon of Staten Island and Some of His Descendants". <em>The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record</em> <strong>68</strong>: 3–17, 132–146, 217–231, 357–365.</span></span></font></li><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span><span style="font-size: 16pt">Cornelis Melyn (2007). <em>Melyn papers, 1640-1699</em>. Cornell University Library. ISBN 1429736941.</span></span></font></li><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span><span style="font-size: 16pt">Russell Shorto (2004). <em>The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America</em>. Random House. ISBN 1400078679.</span></span></font></li></ul> <font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span class="editsection"><span style="font-size: 16pt">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Melyn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt"> <span class="mw-headline">External links</span></span></font> <ul><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"><em>Cornelius Melyn Trades With the Indians</em></span></font></li><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Genealogy of Cornelis Melyn, Patroon of Staten Island</span></font></li><li><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt">Known Voyages of Cornelis Melyn</span></font></li></ul> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"><span style="font-size: 16pt"> </span></font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times" size="1"> </font></p>